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Microbiology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are stromatolites?

A

Fossils evidence of bacteria 3 billion years ago.
Laminated Rock formed by layers of Cyanobacteria
Paved way for aerobic life

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2
Q

When did robert Hooke live

A

1635-1703

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3
Q

What did robert Hooke do

A

First person to use term cell. Looked at cork, created own microscopes using concave mirror and bits to illuminate.nfrist person to describe microorganism (not knowing what he was doing)

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4
Q

What is the book called that Robert Hooke ,wrote and when was it published

A

Micrographia, 1665

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5
Q

Who was the pioneer who created the first official microscope and was the first person to describe bacteria.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

When did anton van Leeuwenhoek live?

A

1632-1723

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7
Q

What diameter did anton van Leeuwenhoek polish glass down to and what magnification could be achieve with it?

A

2-3mm diameter. 200-300x .magnification!

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8
Q

What was the term anton van Leeuwenhoek used to describe bacteria he saw after using a toothpick to collect plaque.

A

Animacules (1648)

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9
Q

When was louis Pasteur alive

A

1822-1895

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10
Q

What concept did Pasteur prove to be incorrect

A

Spontaneous generation - things just happen

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11
Q

Describe an experiment conducted by Louis Pasteur

A

Swan necked flask experiment
1- non sterile liquid poured into flask
2- neck of flask drawn out into flame
3- liquid sterilised by heating (air forced out open end)
4- liquid cooled slowly (dust and microorganisms trapped in bend of flask)
5- liquid remain sterile for years with an open end
6- flask tipped so microorganism-laden dust contact sterile liquid
7- short time, microorganisms grow in liquid

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12
Q

What method that is still used today did Pasteur create to stop the conversion of wine to vinegar (ethanol to acetic acid)

A

Pasteurisation

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13
Q

What does pasteurisation involve

A

Heat treatment to kill bacteria

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14
Q

How did Pasteur save the silk industry in France

A

Showed that silkworms can be attacked by bacteria

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15
Q

Name 3 diseases that Pasteur discovered were caused by bacteria

A

Showed chickens could get cholera, sheep get anthrax and rabies in animals

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16
Q

How did Pasteur save Joseph Miesters life?

A

He was bitten by rabid dog, Pasteur had been working growing viruses in rabbits spinal column and he attenuated it. He gave this to Joseph Miester and saved his life.

17
Q

Who was the first to use the term virus

A

Pasteur

18
Q

When was Robert Koch alive

A

1843-1910

19
Q

What disease was Koch studying

A

Anthrax

20
Q

Describe Kochs postulates

A

1-Microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease - not found in healthy organisms
2- microorganism isolated from diseased organism and grown in pure culture
3- cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced to healthy organism
4- microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated diseased experimental host and identifies as being identical to original specific causative agent

21
Q

In the 1800’s what did they used to grow bacterial cultures on?

A

Potatoes

22
Q

When was Ferdinand Cohn alive

A

1828-1898

23
Q

What was Cohns main career

A

Botanist

24
Q

What had Cohn been working on to classify organisms

A

On algae - wondered whether bacteria were plants as worked on Cyanobacteria have some primal cholorplasts.

25
Q

What was Cohn the first person to do?

A

Describe bacterial shapes e..g coccus, streptococcus, rods.

26
Q

What benefits does microbiology have to us

A

Help us purify water (sewerage, clean water)
Provide us with foods e.g. Bread sacchyomyoces, wine cheese.
Medicines (antibiotics - penicillin), vitamins
Main part of CONS cycles e,g, break down of carbon etc.
Biotechnology - Archaea used in pcr etc

27
Q

how is microbiology harmful to us

A

Infectious disease kill more people worldwide than cancer and heart disease,
9.5 million people die each year due to infectious diseases.
Development of new, virulent and resistant infectious agents
In past 50 years more people have died from malaria, TB and AIDS than in all wars.

28
Q

What can microbiology affect,

A

Personality, body shape, obesity etc,

29
Q

How many years ago did microbes come to earth

A

3 billion

Microbiology (5 decks)

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