Lecture 1 Flashcards
-List a variety of pharmacological terms and define them. - Give examples of drugs that are solid, liquid or gaseous at room temperature. - Give examples of drugs with small and large molecular weights.
What is the suffix for Antimalarials classification?
-quine
What is the suffix for DHP Ca channel blocker classification?
-dipine
Describe a Risk-benefit Ratio
You have to decide if the benefits are worth the risks concidering the patients individual condition and their wishes
E.g.
Benefits- reduced morbidity; ^^ quality of life; effectiveness, ease of administration
Risks- adverse effects; cost; inconvenience of administration
Describe the types of drug receptor bonds
- Very strong covalent (irreversible action)
- weaker electrostatic (between cation and anion)
- very weak interactions (van der waals, hydrogen, hydrophobic)
What is the suffix for NSAID class classification?
-profen
What is the suffix for proton pump inhibitor classification?
-prazole
Drug nomenclature
how are drugs named?
- By overall function (vague)
- by class of drug (based on mechanism of action)
- by generic name (based on chemical structure)
- by trade name (given by the drug company)
DEFINE PHARMACY
The profession of preparation and supply of medicines.
What is the suffix for Halogenated Anaesthetics classification?
-ane
What is the suffix for Antivirals classification?
-clovir
What is the suffix for Broad Spectrum Antibiotics classification?
-cycline
What is the range of drug size and molecular weight
- Range 7-50 000
- majority between 100 - 1000
- mw = 7 - Lithium – used to treat bipolar disorder
- mw = 50,000 – Thrombolytic enzymes- Alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator) – used as a clot buster
What is the suffix for BDZ sedatives classification?
-zepam
What does the selectivity of a drug depend on?
- The chemical nature of the drug
- The dose given and the route by which it is administered
- Special features of the recipient, such as genetic make-up, sex, age, and co-existing disease
- Drug-receptor bonds – Drugs bind to receptors
with a variety of chemical bonds
Describe the physical nature of drugs
At room temp drugs may be :
- Solid – aspirin, nicotine
- Liquid –ethanol, atropine
- Gaseous – nitrous oxide
Define pharmacokinetics
The actions of a body on a drug. What your body does to the drug how it processes it. Includes ADME absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Define a drug effect and what can they be due to?
any change in behaviour or function of an individual, system, organ, tissue or invading organism produced by giving a drug.
Cause :
- Chemical interaction between the drug and the body
-
Psycho-social influences of the medication including:
- Placebo : form of medication that does not contain any drug
- Mood : act of taking pill, feeling better
- Expectation : yours and GPs
- Imagination : advertising, friends, recommendation
Define pharmacoginetics
The study of the relationship between genetic factors and variations in drug response.
What is the suffix for Local Anaesthetic classification?
-caine
DEFINE THERAPEUTICS
THERAPEUTICS : The branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease.
DEFINE A DRUG RECEPTOR
DRUG RECEPTOR : Receptors are generally proteins located on cell outer membranes. The drug interacts with the receptor to bring about its effects.
What is the suffix for H2 receptor antagonist classification?
-tidine
What is the suffix for Beta Blockersclassification?
-olol
DEFINE TOXICOLOGY
TOXICOLOGY : The study of the undesirable effects of chemical agents (poisons) on living systems. Also includes the actions of industrial pollutants, natural organic and inorganic poisons and other chemicals on ecosystems and species.
DEFINE PHARMACODYNAMICS
PHARMACODYNAMICS : The fundamental actions of a drug on the body at a physiological, biochemical or molecular level. Includes receptor interactions, dose-response phenomena, and mechanisms of therapeutic and toxic action. Essentially how drugs work.
What is the suffix for Alpha Adrenergic blockers classification?
-zosin
Why are Drug receprors important?
- they are specific targets for specific drug molecules i.e. Morphine will not target cannabis receptors and vice versa.
- this targetting/specificity makes drugs function.
(using a variety of biological techniques you can determine the molecular structure of the receptor to synthesise a specific drug to interact with this receptor)
What is the suffix for Macrolide Antibiotics classification?
-mycin
Define pharmacology and clinical pharmacology
PHARMACOLOGY: the study of the interaction of chemicals (drugs) with living systems.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY : The scientific study of
drug effects in humans.
What information is requred to compile a drug profile?
- Pharmacology : The molecular action of the drug including its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics (ADME).
- Clinical trials : therapeutic effectiveness
- Indications : therapeutic effect on a particular illness or disease
- Contra-indications : conditions where drug should NOT be used, because it is harmful to the patient.
- Precautions : condition where drug is used with caution as it MAY be harmful to the patient.
- Interactions : list of other drugs which may interfere with this drugs pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic properties.
- Adverse reactions : specific side effects
- Dosage and administration : amount /frequency + administration (oral, subcutaneous injection, etc.)
- Overdosage : Info on overdosage amounts, symptoms and treatment.
- Pack and storage : Information on proprietary pack sizes and storage conditions
Why are synthetic drugs preferred over natural compounds?
- Better control of product variability
- Cheaper to make – automation
- Manipulate parent compounds to make them more effective
What is a drug?
A drug is a substance that acts on living systems at the molecular, cellular or whole body level that can provoke changes in body function or mood.
-quine
What is the suffix for Antimalarials classification?
-dipine
What is the suffix for DHP Ca channel blocker classification?
-profen
What is the suffix for NSAID class classification?
-profen
What is the suffix for NSAID class classification?
-prazole
What is the suffix for proton pump inhibitor classification?
-ane
What is the suffix for Halogenated Anaesthetics classification?
-ane
What is the suffix for Halogenated Anaesthetics classification?
-clovir
What is the suffix for Antivirals classification?
-clovir
What is the suffix for Antivirals classification?
-cycline
What is the suffix for Broad Spectrum Antibiotics classification?
-zepam
What is the suffix for BDZ sedatives classification?
-zepam
What is the suffix for BDZ sedatives classification?
-tidine
What is the suffix for H2 receptor antagonist classification?
-tidine
What is the suffix for H2 receptor antagonist classification?
-olol
What is the suffix for Beta Blockersclassification?
-olol
What is the suffix for Beta Blockersclassification?
-zosin
What is the suffix for Alpha Adrenergic blockers classification?
-mycin
What is the suffix for Macrolide Antibiotics classification?
-mycin
What is the suffix for Macrolide Antibiotics classification?
