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Resource Management - REM 100 SFU > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Global Change

A

Human induced transformation of the global environment.

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2
Q

Environment

A

Surroundings that shape an organisms life

EX. Climate change, food supply - social, economic, environmental

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3
Q

Examples of Global Change

A

population explosion, global warming, ozone depletion, world hunger

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4
Q

System

A

A collection of interdependent parts enclosed within a defined boundary

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5
Q

4 spheres of the earth’s system

A

Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere

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6
Q

Atmosphere

A

Air
Troposhere - lowest layer, where weather is
Stratosphere - Ozone layer
Air pollution

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7
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Water
Vital for development of life
Cryosphere - places where water is in solid form (frozen)
Available fresh water = approx. 1%

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8
Q

Lithosphere

A

Crust
Foundation of Earth system
Plate techtonics
Pedosphere - soil: outer most layer of earth

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9
Q

Biosphere

A 
Forest & stuff
Sum of all biological activity
Driver of carbon cycle
Creates and maintains oxygen
Anthroposphere - part of environment that is modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats
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10
Q

Closed system

A

Earth

Matter stays in, energy flows in and out

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11
Q

Open system

A

All the spheres
Matter and energy flows in and out
The spheres interact with each other

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12
Q

Components of a cycle

A

Energy (solar, gravity) goes into a reservoir (ocean, atmosphere)
that goes into fluxes (evaporation, runoff, precipitation)
then goes into a different reservoir
EX. Other cycles: carbon and rock cycle
Also has inputs and outputs

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13
Q

Perturbations

A

Occurrences that can fluctuate/change the cycle

Causing the cycle to have to compensate to create equilibrium again

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14
Q

Responses

A

Positive and Negative Feedback

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15
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Amplifying
Increase in magnitude
Spiral out of control (has nothing to keep it in check)
Positive Feedback is not always a bad thing but for climate, it is
 Ocean water which absorbs more sun radiation
 = Warm temp
 = Sea Ice will melt

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16
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Regulating

Decrease in magnitude
Keeps things in check

EX. Air Conditioning: when house is hot, AC turns on then when its cool enough, it’ll turn off. It regulates.

Climate warming = 
Increase cloud cover = 
Decreased incoming solo radiation
 = Cool climate

17
Q

Types of system responses

A

Long term - ice age
Short term - forest fire
Across time scale - CFC’s have long term affect on ozone layer

18
Q

Resource Cycle

A

1) Resource
2) Concentration/purification
3) Production
4) Consumption
5) Recycling
6) Designation of goods
7) Waste
8) Waste goes into environment

19
Q

Types of Waste

A

Material resources - taken from environment, has no more human use
Flows of energy - results from human activity, not useful
Attributes of the environment - not valued

20
Q

Sustainable Development

A

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

21
Q

Hunter-Gatherer Society

A

Most food, obtained from wild plants and animals
Small groups to move easier
Once ground is depleted they move to new area

22
Q

Agrarian Society

A 
"agriculture"
Became more productive with growing food
Other trades were developed and urban areas
Helped move away from food production
Low population density
23
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Colonies - resource wealth was able to sustain the mother land and played a significant role in this revolution
Caused development to take off

Coal breaks connection between natural production rates of biomass fuel and level of industrial activity
Allowed us to change globe

24
Q

The Great Transformation

A

Massive social and economic re-organization of Western societies over the last 500 years with profound effect on global environment.

25
Q

IPAT Framework

A

Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology

Created by Barry Commoner, Paul R. Ehrlich and John Holdren

26
Q

I = PAT

A

Impact
Population - increase of land use, resources, and pollution
Affluence - average consumption per person (GDP) - environmental impact
Technology - represents how resource intensive the production of affluence is - Improvements in technology can reduce environmental impact.

27
Q

Overpopulation

A

Population > carrying capacity

Resource depletion

28
Q

ecological footprint

A

measures how much land and water area a popula- tion requires to produce the re- sources it consumes

29
Q

Biocapacity

A

represents the planet’s current biologically productive areas, which provide resources and can also absorb much of the waste we generate, especially our carbon emissions

30
Q

Ways to deal with overpopulation

A

Make a bigger pie - being innovative
Put fewer forks on the table - reduce # of children
Teach better manners - change interactions-social justice

31
Q

Requirements of Free Market

A

Large number of buyers and sellers
All economic agents behave rationally; producers maximize profits and consumers maximize their satisfaction or “utility”
Inputs being supplied and goods being produced are individually owned and divisible; thus, property rights exist

32
Q

Market Failure

A

when the market does not allocate scarce resources to generate the greatest social welfare

33
Q

Commons

A

Everybody owns the land
if everyone is using land, resources are being depleted
No rules, self-interest

34
Q

Forms of Property Rights

A
  1. Private property
  2. Community-ownedproperty(communalregulation)
  3. State-ownedproperty(publicdomain)
  4. Open access (no property rights - unregulated)
  5. Common heritage of mankind
35
Q

externality

A

the cost or benefit of the production or consumption of a good or service is experienced by people other than the producer or consumer.

Resource Management - REM 100 SFU (1 decks)

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