Lecture 1 Flashcards
derived from the Latin word “status” meaning
State
Collection of qualitative, such as statistics of crimes
Statistics
It is rhe science of collectinf, organizing, presenting, analysis and interpretation of numerical data
Statistics
Nature of statistics
- Descriptive statistics
2. Inferential statistics
Deals with the methods of organizing, summarizing and presenting a mass of data.
Descriptive statistics
Deals with making generalizations about a body of data where only a prt of it is examined.
Inferential statistics
Set of all individuals or entities under consideration or stuy.
Population
A part of the population or a sub-collection or elements drawn from a population.
Sample
A characteristic of interest measurable on each and every individual in the universe, denoted by any capital letter in the English alphabet.
Variable
Types of Variable:
- Qualitative variable
2. Quantitative variable
Consists of categories or attributes, which have non-numerical characteristics.
e.g.: yr. lvl, gender, address
Qualitative variable
Consist of numbers representing counts or measurements
Quantitative variable
Classification of Quantitative variable:
- Discrete quantitative variable
2. Continuous quantitative variable
Countable number of possible values
e.g.: # of students
Discrete quantitative variable
results from infinitely many possible values that can be associated with points on continous scale in a way that there are no gaps
Continous quantitative variable
A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population
Parameter
A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample
Statistic
Often conducted to gather opinipns
Survey
Conducted by gathering information from the entire population
Census survey
Conducted by gathering information only from part of the population
Sampling survey
Levels of measurement:
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
Consists of names, labels or categories only
Nominal
Data that may be arranged in some order
eg: military rank
Ordinal
like the ordinal;
there is no inherent (natural) zero starting point
eg: IQ, temperature
Interval
- differences and ratios are meaningful
- include the inherent zero starting point
eg: height, widht, area
Ratio
