Lecture 1

Question 1

Is corporal punishment prohibited in NSW?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

What is the difference between physical punishment & corporal punishment?

Answer 2

physical punishment results in physical injury - behaviours that do not result in significant physical injury are considered corporal punishment

Question 3

what are the two largest effect sizes associated with corporal punishment

Answer 3

immediate compliance & victim of child abuse

Question 4

what behaviours are associated with corporal punishment

Answer 4

moral internalisation
aggression
delinquent, criminal & antisocial behaviour
quality of parent-child relationship
mental health
adult abuse of own child or spouse
victim of child abuse

Question 5

what is spanking

Answer 5

hitting a child with an open hand on the buttocks or other extremities wit the intent to discipline without leaving a bruise or causing physical harm

Question 6

what are the three views on spanking

Answer 6

1. pro-corporal punishment
2. anti-corpora punishment
3. conditional corporal punishment - a “blanket injunction” against spanking cannot be supported scientifically

Question 7

what is a criticism of gershoff’s meta analysis

Answer 7

indicated that some categorised as involving harsh punishment could be considered physical abuse

1. varied definitions
2. retrospective reports
3. spanking preceeded negative behaviour
4. parents who spank less read more and hug their children more

Question 8

discuss cultural issues & physical discipline

Answer 8

physical discipline during the first 5 years increased externalising problems in european american children but had no effect on african american children

Question 9

discuss lansford normative approach

Answer 9

should we outlaw physical discipline based on the act of it (behaviour) or the outcome on the child

Question 10

what two things did lansford find about normative use in particular countries

Answer 10

1. in a country where physical discipline is less used, when it is used it has more negative effects on the child
2. in all countries high physical discipline associated w/ more negative outcomes

Question 11

what is an issue about physical punishment that has to be considered

Answer 11

that the adujustment problems of the child might encourage the parent’s physical discipline & not always the other way around

Question 12

what has been found about religious issues & physical punishment

Answer 12

physical punishment is not encouraged spiritually or religiously but more because of the social conformity influences associated with religion

Question 13

what psych concept are the arguments in favour of spanking similar to

Answer 13

moral disengagement

Question 14

what did the ho, bluestein & jenkins (2008) study find on cultural outcomes of parental harshness in european & asian canadian families

Answer 14

parental harshness was positively related to child aggression in European Canadian families but negatively to south asian canadian families

Question 15

What was the overalll finding of ho, bluestein & jenkins (2008) study

Answer 15

for all ethnic groups parental harshness was positively related to children’s aggression when parent report of outcomes was used, but the strength varied across groups

Question 16

what are economically disadvantaged families & working class families like in regards to discipline

Answer 16

• stress obedience & respect for authority
• more authoritarian & power assertion
• less frequent use of reasoning
• less warmth & affection

Question 17

what are the two major factors that often come up in factor-analytic approaches of parenting & their effects

Answer 17

correlates of parental love & control

Question 18

what is baurmind’s four typologies of parenting

Answer 18

• authoritarian
• authoritative
• permissive
• (neglectful)

Question 19

do the same parenting practices lead to the same outcome across cultures

Answer 19

no - authoritarian parenting practices in african-american or chinese-american families (only leads to externalising problems in european children)

Question 20

what did kerr & stattin (2000) find about parental monitoring

Answer 20

it is important as to how you got parental knowledge from the child - the more you got the knowledge spontaneously (self-disclosure) from the child the better the outcome, solicitation of info = bad

Question 21

how is the field changing

Answer 21

from looking at authoritative, authoritarian etc. parenting styles to self-disclosure, parental knowledge, responsiveness, behavioural control etc.

Question 22

what is evidence for the three step model

Answer 22

1. parenting relates to adolescent self-disclosure
2. self-disclosure is positively related to parental knowledge
3. parental knowledge negatively predicts substance abuse and delinquent behaviour

Question 23

what was the strongest predictor of self-disclosure

Answer 23

responsiveness - e.g. warm, understanding, & personal relationship

Question 24

what are the four social domain categories relating to disclosure

Answer 24

• prudential issues (adolescents health, safety, comfort etc)
• moral & conventional issues (others welfare, fairness, rights)
• personal issues (control over ones body, privacy, appearance, friendship)
• multifacted issues (eg. watching r rated movies)

Question 25

according to smetana et al (2009) what was full disclosure associated with

Answer 25

better relationships w/ parents & less depression