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BIOSCI 107 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 6 levels of structural organisation?

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system organismal

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2
Q

Describe what the Chemical structural level is

A

the building blocks of the body

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3
Q

Describe what the Tissue structural level is

A

a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function

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4
Q

What are the 4 major classes if Tissue?

A

Epithelial, Connective Tissue, Muscle, Nerve

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5
Q

Describe what the Organ structural level is

A

structures with specific functions composed of two or more tissue types

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6
Q

Describe what the System structural level is

A

consists of related organs with a common function

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7
Q

Describe what the Organismal structural level is

A

where all parts of the body function together to constitute a living organism

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8
Q

What are the 11 Body Systems?

A

SMELINURCRD

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9
Q

Major component of Integumentary System

A

Skin and its derivatives, hair, nails and sweat and oil glands.

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10
Q

Do all organs belong to only one body system, example??

A

NO, some organs may belong to more than one system such as the Pancreas (Digestive, Endocrine) or Thymus (Endocrine or Lymphatic system)

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11
Q

Describe what a Cellular level is

A

basic structural and functional units of the body

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12
Q

What is the principal function of the Integumentary system?

A

detects sensation, protection, thermoregulation and Vitamin D synthesis (UVB sends a precursor to calcitriol)

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13
Q

What is a calcitriol?

A

it is the main biological active form of Vitamin D

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14
Q

Major component and functions of the Muscular system

A

components: skeletal and striated muscle
Functions: heat, posture and movement

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15
Q

what is a surprising fact about red blood cells?

A

it is a FLAT BONE and is a CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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16
Q

Major component and Functions of the Skeletal system

A

Component: Bone, Cartilage, Joint
Functions: support, protection
Red Marrow=produce red blood cells
Yellow Marrow=store lipids(found in medullary cavity) and stores minerals

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17
Q

what is the difference between Cartilage and Tendons?

A

Cartilage connects bones to bones while Tendons connect muscle to bone

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18
Q

Component and Functions of the Nervous system

A

Component: Brain, Spinal cord, nerves, special sensory organs (auditory, optic nerve)
Function: detects stimuli allowing nerve impulses to be produced for body activity regulation (motor function)

19
Q

Major components of the Endocrine System

A

pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, thymus, pancreas, adrenal gland, ovary, testis

20
Q

Function of the Endocrine system

A

hormone release for body activity regulation (insulin)

21
Q

Components of the Lymphatic and Immune system

A

Spleen, lymphatic vessel, lymph node, thoracic duct, thymus, tonsil

22
Q

Function of the lymphatic and immune system

A

defence, transport of lipids, proteins, lymph cells and fluids (lymphadenopathy)

23
Q

what is lymphadenopathy?

A

it is when the lymph node is abnormal in size

24
Q

Component of the cardiovascular system

A

blood, heart, artery and vein

25
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system

A

transport oxygen, CO2, nutrients and waste, regulation of water content, temperature and acid balance, defence (immune cells)

26
Q

Component of respiratory system

A

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus and lung

27
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A

transfer of oxygen AND CO2 between blood and air
vocalisation
acid-base regulation

28
Q

Component of the digestive system

A

gastrointestinal tract organs (mouth–>anus) and accessory organs
mouth, salivary gland, oesophagus, Liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, large and small intestine and anus

29
Q

Function of the digestive system

A

Digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimination of solid waste

30
Q

Function of Urinary System

A

urine production, storage and elimination, regulation of blood volume, assist in production blood cells, acid-base balance

31
Q

how much blood cells does the body make per day?

A

500 billion blood cells

32
Q

Describe what a Epithelial cell is

A

cells that covers the surface of the body and lines hollow organs, tubes and forms glands

33
Q

Function of Epithelial Cell

A

Protection, filtration, secretion, absorption, excretion

34
Q

Describe Connective Tissue

A

Cells in a matrix of fibres and ground substance

35
Q

Function of CT

A

protection and support
BINDS organs together
Stores energy
Transport (blood)

36
Q

Describe Muscle Cell

A

Contractile Cells (muscle fibres)

37
Q

Describe Nervous tissue

A

conduction nerve cells and supportive neuroglia

38
Q

Function of Nervous tissue

A

detects changes and generates nerve impulses

39
Q

Where does the 4 tissue types of the body develop from?

A

from the 3 GERM LAYERS
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

40
Q

What tissue does the Ectoderm arise to?

A

Epithelial

Nervous

41
Q

What tissue does the Mesoderm arise to?

A

Epithelial
Connective
most Muscle

42
Q

What tissue does the Endoderm arise to?

A

Lining of gastrointestinal tract and epithelium of associated glands

43
Q

Which area does the Endoderm not line in the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Oral cavity and anal cavity

BIOSCI 107 (1 decks)

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