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immunology exam 1 > lecture 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 Flashcards

0
Q

what secretes antibodies?

A

plasma cells

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1
Q

what mediates activation of CD4 helper T cells when encountering an antigen? (naive CD4 t helper cells + antigen =?)

A

Cytokine IL-2

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2
Q

what is the goal of vaccinations?

A

antibodies preventing an infection & memory

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3
Q

in what adaptive phase do clones die?

A

contraction phase

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4
Q

what immunity creates resistance but NO memory?

A

passive immunity

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5
Q

what immunity is an immunization/ giving of Ag’s

A

active immunity

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6
Q

what is a transfer of antibodies in plasm and a treatment for immunodeficiency?

A

passive immunity

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7
Q

what recognizes Ag’s and makes Ab secreting cells?

A

B cells

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8
Q

What needs an APC to recognize Ags?

A

T cells

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9
Q

what recognizes Ags on infected cells and then kills the cell?

A

cytotoxic T cells

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10
Q

what regulates self-antigens by suppressing & preventing immune responses?

A

Regulatory T cells

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11
Q

phagocytes include what?

A

Neutrophils & macrophages

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12
Q

what is the primary function of phagocytes

A

ingest/destroy microbes; get rive of damaged cells

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13
Q

what are the specialized macrophages and corresponding tissues?

A

brain: microglial
liver: kuppfer
lung: alveolar
spleen: sinusoidal

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14
Q

what lineage are DCs from?

A

myeloid in bone marrow

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15
Q

what are the 4 DC classes?

A
  1. classical
  2. plasymactiod
  3. inflammatory
  4. langerhans cells
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16
Q

what cells arise from the lymphoid lineage?

A

B cells
T cells
NK cells

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17
Q

what are primary lymphoid organs?

A

bone marrow & thymus

18
Q

what are secondary lymphoid organs

A

spleen, lymph nodes, lymphoid tissues

19
Q

HEV express _____1_____, that serve as _____2____ for lymphocytes

A
  1. adhesion molecules

2. homing receptors

20
Q

all mast cell granules do what?

A
  1. induce local inflammation
  2. responsible for vascular abnormalities
  3. inflammation in allergic reactions
21
Q

mast cell mediates produce and release what?

A
  1. cytokines
  2. chemokines
  3. angiogenic
  4. growth factors
22
Q

where are mast cells located & why?

A
  1. close to external environment (skin)
  2. close to blood vessels
    why– to regulate vascular permeability & effector - cell recruitment
23
Q

what are the 3 lipid mediators for mast cells?

A
  1. prostaglandins
  2. leukotrienes
  3. platelet-activating factors
24
Q

what are the 6 preformed mediators for mast cells?

A
  1. histamine
  2. heparin
  3. proteases
  4. chrondroitin sulfates
  5. TNF
  6. antimicrobial peptides
25
Q

when B/T cells are in the LN, how do they know where do go to?

A

chemokines!

26
Q

are macrophages apart of innate & adaptive immunity?

A

yuuus

27
Q

where are macrophages from?

what are they driven by?

A

bone marrow & M-CSF (monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor)

28
Q

what is the embryonic origin & maturation of macrophages?

A

yolk sac ->stem cell -> mac. precursor -> blood -> tissue

29
Q

what is the adult origin & maturation of macrophages?

A

bone marrow ->stem cell-> monocyte precursor -> monoblast -> monocyte -> blood -> tissue = macrophage activated

30
Q

what do neutrophils mediate & why?

A

earliest phages of inflammatory reactions b/c they are the first to arrive

31
Q

neutrophils are stimulated by what?

A

G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

32
Q

what are the 2 neutrophil granules?

A
  1. specific granule

2. azurophil granule

33
Q

name 3 specific granules

A
  1. lactoferrin
  2. lysozome
  3. secretory phospholipase A2
34
Q

name 5 azurophil granules

A
  1. elastase
  2. lysozome
  3. myeloperoxidase
  4. cathepsin
  5. acid hydroplases
35
Q

Neutrophil + small thing (yeast) = ?

A
  1. binds
  2. internalize yeast via phagocytosis
  3. azurophil granules are released
  4. ROS is made; the released enzymes kills it
36
Q

neutrophil + big thing (hyphae) = ?

A
  1. cant internaize; release azurolic granules into nucleus
  2. this = chromatin decondensation
  3. NETs are released
  4. NET immobilize it & help kill it
37
Q

what makes a NET? (neutrophil extracellular trap)

A

DNA, histones, proteins

38
Q

what is NETosis?

A

a cell death-dependent process

  1. chromatin decondensation
  2. nuclear membrane disintegration
39
Q

what do mast cells, basophils, & eosinophils have in common?

A
  1. innate & adaptive
  2. protect against helminthes & allergic reactions
  3. common cytoplasmic granules
40
Q

what granules do mast cells have? what is the staining?

A

histamine – purple w/ giemsa

41
Q

what is the blood basophil stain?

A

blue w/ giemsa

42
Q

what is the eosinophil stain & granules?

A

Red – acidic dye eosin

filled with basic proteins

immunology exam 1 (3 decks)

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