Lecture 1+2+DLA

Question 1

Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

thickening/hardening of arteries due to formation of intimal lesions called “atheromas”

Question 2

risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 2

modifiable

1. Hyperlipidemia
2. Hypertension
3. Cigarette smoking
4. Diabetes mellitus

non-modifiable:

1. Increasing age
2. Male gender
3. Family history
4. Genetic abnormalities

Question 3

pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Answer 3

1. chronic INF and healing response of the arterial wall to injury
2. Lesion progression occurs through interaction of modified lipoproteins, macrophages, and T lymphocytes
3. obstruct blood flow

plaques could break off and lead to a vascular thrombosis

can also increase diffusion distance from lumen, weakening of the vessel wall and aneurysm

Question 4

response to injury hypothesis

Answer 4

1. chronic endothelial injury (ex: hypertension)
2. endothelial dysfunction (increased permeability to leukocyte adhesion)
3. macrophage activation (SM recruitment)
4. macrophages and SM cells engulf lipids
5. SM proliferation, collagen and matrix deposition