Lecture 1, 2, (Cells, Organelles Etc.) Quiz

Question 1

What are the similarities between Pro and Eukaryote cells (4 similarities)

Answer 1

Plasma Membrane, Cytosol, DNA, Ribosomes

Question 2

What is a virus ( 2 parts)

Answer 2

DNA or RNA and a protein shell

Question 3

Eukaryote Cells include what species

Answer 3

Protists, plants, fungi and animals

Question 4

What is the difference between Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells ?

Answer 4

Eukartotic cells contain Membrane bound Organelles and Prokartotic cells LACK membrane bound organelles. Also the chromosomal organization and cell replication/ division.

Question 5

Prokaryotic Cells include what species (2 )

Answer 5

Bacteria and archaea

Question 6

A Typical Prokaryotic cell includes what parts (7)

Answer 6

*Nucleoid-( irregular shaped region containing DNA genetic material), *Ribosomes- protein synthesis, *plasma membrane- where lipids and proteins are suspended, *cell wall- a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane, *cell membrane- surrounds cytoplasm and lets material in and out of cell. *Flagellum- provides mobility to cell, *Capsule- sticky outermost layer

Question 7

Eukaryote cell- what are the typical parts ( 11+)

Answer 7

*Nucleus- contains chromosomes, genetic material DNA or RNA. *Nucleolus- contains DNA and RNA and it is the ribosome FACTORY! *Cytoplasm- area of suspended membrane bound organelles. Ribosomes- Protein synthesis (decoding info in messenger RNA and forming chains of amino acids to form proteins. *Mitochondrion- generates chemical energy. *Rough ER- production, folding and quality control of proteins. *golgi complex- prepares protein and fat (lipid) for use in side or outside the cell. *smooth Er- metabolism of carbs, production and secretion of steroid, produces fats (lipid). *lysosome- contains the cleaning and digesting enzymes. Can destroy bacteria or virus. *Vacuole- handles waste products. *Secretory vesicle- sac that moves inside and outside the cell. *peroxisome- small organelle that contains reducing enzyme catalase. Others - Chloroplasts( convert light into energy) cell wall( rigid otter cell layer on plants usually) and plasmodesmata ( cell wall channels that allow for trafficking of molecules.

Question 8

What are the COMMON organelles found in All Eukaryotes? (6)

Answer 8

nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes

Question 9

What are the additional Organelles that some cells contain? (4)

Answer 9

Include: lysosome/vacuoles, chloroplasts, cell wall, plasmodesmata

Question 10

What are the differences between an animal and a plant cell? (4 items), and what do they lack? (2 items)

Answer 10

Plants contain- cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata.

They lack- lysosomes and centrioles

Question 11

How do we study cells? (2 ways)

Answer 11

Microscopy= structure
Where are things, what do they look like?

Biochemistry= function
What do they do?

Question 12

Definition of Biochemistry

Answer 12

The study of chemical and physiological process occurring within living organisms examples of this include cell fractionation, and gel electrophoresis

Question 13

What is Microscopy (tool)

Answer 13

Is a very powerful tool that allows for smaller objects to be viewed larger, but cannot tell if proteins are intact or what their functions are.

Question 14

What are the 2 types of light microscopy?

Answer 14

Brightfield and Fluorescene

Question 15

What are the 2 types of Electron Microscopy?

Answer 15

Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy

Question 16

What is cell fractionation?

Answer 16

The separating of cell tissues using homogenization and centrifugation

Question 17

What is gel electrophoresis?

Answer 17

The separation of DNA, RNA and Protein based on their size and electric charge

Question 18

What is plasma barrier

Answer 18

Selective barrier that allows transfer of oxygen, nutrients and waste in and out of the cell

Question 19

What does hydrophilic mean (round/oval section)

Answer 19

Likes water, absorbs water

Question 20

What does hydrophobic mean? (Squiggly pasta section )

Answer 20

Is afraid of water, repels water

Question 21

What is a pore? (In regards to a nucleus)

Answer 21

Part of the pore complex that regulate entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus.

Question 22

Nucleus contains what ?

Answer 22

Tightly would DNA that is would into chromosomes
Complex of DNA and proteins is called chromatin

Question 23

What is a Nucleolus? (Has to do with Ribosomes)

Answer 23

Where ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs

Question 24

What is a Ribosome?

Answer 24

Synthesis of proteins during translation. It’s a Complex of RNA and Proteins.

Question 25

Endocytosis

Answer 25

Capture, pinch and take in vesicle. (Along the membrane)

Question 26

Exocytosis

Answer 26

Releasing of material from membrane

Question 27

Phagocytosis

Answer 27

Cell feeding

Question 28

Pianocytosis (pinot wine lol)

Answer 28

Cell drinking

Question 29

Animal cell vs plant cell, what does an animal cell ONLY contain?

Answer 29

Small, Vacuoles, centrioles, centrosome

Question 30

What does a plant cell only contain?

Answer 30

Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole (large)

Vacuole can pump water back out of a cell and maintain pressure

Question 31

What do both an animal and plant cell contain?

Answer 31

Mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus, cytosol, cytoplasm, ribosomes, golgi, rough and smooth er