Lecture 1-2

Question 1

Monatomic ions

Answer 1

formed of only one atom

• if gain electron anion
• if lose electron cation

Question 2

Polyatomic ions

Answer 2

Memorize em

Question 3

Polyatomic cations

Answer 3

Ammonium ion: NH4+

Hydronium ion: H3O+

Question 4

Oxyanions

Answer 4

polyatomic ions that contain one or more oxygen atoms

Question 5

Ionic bond

Answer 5

Ions formed the the transfer of electrons resulting in an ionic bond

• electrostatic forces between two oppositely charged objects
• (cations and anion)

Question 6

Covalent bonds

Answer 6

Molecules are formed when electrons are shared

• form molecules by sharing electrons
• attractive forces between positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and one or more pairs of electrons

Question 7

Ionic compounds

Answer 7

Compound held together by ionic bonds
Ex: metal combined with one or more non-metal
- always contain positive (cation) and negative (anion) ions
- solids
- total number of positive charge=total negative charge
- formula has smallest whole number ratio of ions

Question 8

Write formula for Aluminium + Oxygen

Answer 8

Al2O3

Question 9

Molecular compounds

Answer 9

Result from atoms sharing electrons (covalent bond)

Usually combination of non-metals

Question 10

Binary compounds

Answer 10

Only two different elements

Question 11

How to name binary compound with metal that forms only one type of cation

Answer 11

Name of cation (metal) + base name of anion (non-metal) + ide

Question 12

How to name binary compound with metal that forms more than one type of cation

Answer 12

Name of cation (metal) (charge of cation in roman numerals in brackets) + base name of
anion (non-metal) + ide

• transition metals

Question 13

ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions

Answer 13

ionic rules + use name of polyatomic

Question 14

Naming oxyanions

Answer 14

named according to number of oxygens

Nitrate: NO3
-
Nitrite: NO2
-
What if there are more than two ions? Use prefixes!
Hypo: less than
Per: more than
Ex: ClO- hypochlorite (less O than Cl)
ClO4
- perchlorate (more O than Cl)

Question 15

Hydrated ionic compounds

Answer 15

Called hydrates
- Have a specific number of water molecules -> use a prefix
Name of compound + prefix_hydrate

Question 16

Naming molecular compounds

Answer 16

Prefix+ name of first element+ prefix+ base name of 2nd element+ ide

Question 17

Naming binary acids

Answer 17

composed of hydrogen + non-metal

Hydro+base name of non-metal+ic+acid

when (aq)

Question 18

Naming oxyacids

Answer 18

contain hydrogen and an oxyanion (anion with a non-metal and oxygen)
Oxyanions ending with -ate : base name of oxyanion +ic + acid
Oxyanions ending with -ite: base name of oxyanion +ous + acid

Question 19

Strong acids to memorize

Answer 19

HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4 , HNO3 , H2SO4

Question 20

CaBr2

Answer 20

calcium bromide

Question 21

PbCl4

Answer 21

Lead (IV) Chloride

Question 22

NH4NO3

Answer 22

Ammonium Nitrate

Question 23

Li2Cr2O7

Answer 23

Lithium dichromate

Question 24

NI3

Answer 24

Nitrogen triodide

Question 25

PCl5

Answer 25

Phosphorus pentachloride

Question 26

P4S10

Answer 26

Tetraphosphorus decasulphide

Question 27

HI

Answer 27

Hydroiodic acid

Question 28

HC2H3O2

Answer 28

acetic acid

Question 29

formula mass

Answer 29

mass of compound (addition of mass of each element) in amu

Question 30

mole

Answer 30

amount of material containing (6.02214179 x10^23 particles)

A mole is the amount of substance containing the same number of discrete entities (atoms,
molecules, and ions) as the number of atoms in a sample of pure 12C weighing exactly 12 g.

Question 31

Avogadro’s number

Answer 31

number of entities composing a mole

6.02214179 x 10^23

Question 32

molar mass

Answer 32

mass in g of 1 mole of a substance

number equal to atomic formula in amu

Question 33

determining empirical and molecular formulas

Answer 33

finish ittt