Lecture 1/2 Flashcards
5 points about chicken experiment
- testes removed and reimplanted into abdomen
- OR testes removed and NOT reimplanted
- Reimplanted roosters were just like ones where testes not removed
- conclusion that hormonal signal need not be into blood and has widespread effects
hormones are
substances secreted from endocrine glands and the brain
neurotransmitters are
substances released by nerve cells in the brain and peripheral nervous system
neuropeptides are
substances released from neurons and endocrine glands
cytokines are released by
cells of the immune system
methods of communication between cells
- intracrine 2. autocrine 3. paracrine 4. neurocrine 5. endocrine 6. neuroendocrine
intracrine communication
cell producing messengers and communicating within itself
autocrine communication
chemical messengers sent out into interstitial fluid and acts externally on itself and other cells (that are of the same cell type)
paracrine communication
chemical messengers are released externally to neighboring cells of a different type
neurocrine communication
diffuse a short distance and affect a different type of cell
endocrine communication
chemical messengers travel from endocrine cells into the bloodstream to distant locations in body
neuroendocrine communication
chemical messengers do not diffuse across synapse but rather are secreted directly into the bloodstream coming from a neural cell. looks like neuron acts like gland
types of chemical messengers
- phyto hormones 2. true hormones 3. neurohormones 4. neurotransmitters 5. pheromones 6. parahormones 7. prohormones 8. growth factors 9. cytokines 10. adipokines 11. vitamins
phytohormones are
plant hormones ie. kinins, auxins, gibberellins.
factoid about phytohormones
similar to human hormones and may influence the human neuroendocrine system