Lecture 1-2

Question 1

What is a mineral?

Answer 1

Naturally occurring
Crystalline Solid
Orderly internal atomic arrangement
Specific chemical composition
Formed through geological processes

Question 2

Give two examples of mineraloids?

Answer 2

Opal and Obsidian

Question 3

What is an mineraloid?

Answer 3

Mineral like substances that don’t meet the def. of a mineral

Question 4

What is the most abundant element on the crust of the earth?

Answer 4

Oxygen accounts for 94% of the crust (volumetrically)

Question 5

What are the 8 elements that make 99% of Earth’s crust?

Answer 5

Silicon 4+
Aluminum 3+
Magnesium 2+
Sodium 1+
Calcium 2+
Potassium +

Question 6

Cations are usually smaller than…..

Answer 6

Oxygen

Question 7

What is an rock?

Answer 7

An aggregate of minerals and don’t need to have a specific composition,

Question 8

Does a rock needs to have a specific composition?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

What are the two most abundant elements in the crust of the Earth?

Answer 9

Oxygen and Silicon

Question 10

What are the majority of CRUSTAL rocks composed of?

Answer 10

Silicate minerals

Question 11

What are silicates minerals?

Answer 11

Minerals with Si in their formulas

Question 12

From the 3 main types of rocks, which one is formed from a magma?

Answer 12

Igneous rocks

Question 13

What is the basic building blocks of the silicate minerals?

Answer 13

Silica tetrahedra

Question 14

Give an example of mineral with an Isolated terahedra

Answer 14

Olivine

Question 15

Give an example of mineral with single chains

Answer 15

Pyroxene

Question 16

Give an example of mineral with double chains

Answer 16

Amphiboles

Question 17

Give an example of mineral with sheet tetrahedra

Answer 17

Muscovite

Question 18

Give an example of 2 minerals with framework structure

Answer 18

Feldspar and quartz