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Bio 210 > Lecture 1 & 2& 3,4,5&6 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 & 2& 3,4,5&6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

Study of function

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3
Q

Levels of organization :Abiotic

A

Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelles

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4
Q

Atoms

A

92 naturally occurring atoms

25 essential for life

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5
Q

Molecules

A

Building blocks

Monomers (simplest level of molecular organization )

Amino acids ,glucose,fatty acids

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6
Q

Macromolecules

A

Polymers

Proteins,carbohydrates,triglycerides

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7
Q

Organelles

A

Structures found within the cell

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8
Q

Levels or organization biotic

A 
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
Organ system
Organism
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9
Q

cellular level

A

Smallest unit of life

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10
Q

Tissue level

A

A tissue is a group of similar cells

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11
Q

Organ level

A

An organ is a group of tissues

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12
Q

Organ system

A

A group of cooperating organs

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13
Q

Organism

A

living individual composed of all these parts functioning together

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14
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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15
Q

Four primary tissue types

A

Epithelial
connective
Muscle
Nerons

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16
Q

epithelial

A

Covering surround internal organ ex :skin

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17
Q

Connective

A

Support,most diverse,in between organs

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18
Q

Muscle

A

Movement

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19
Q

Nervous

A

Control communication

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20
Q

4 main functions of epithelial tissue

A

Physical protection ex skin
selective permeability …Allow for specific substances to move through
secretion …..gland produce hormones
Sensation… nerve ending giving ability to fill things

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21
Q

6 primary characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

1Cellularity-girls packed in tight next to each other
2Polarity-2 side (apical-external& basal-internal)
3 attachment-basal Surface connected to other tissues
4 Avascularity-no vessels don’t bleed
5 innervation- allow sensation
6 reservation-cell replaced flake off new come

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22
Q

Classification of epithelial tissue # of layers

A

Simple 1 layer
Stratified : more than 1
Pseudo stratified:1 later looks like more than one

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23
Q

Classification of Epithelia

Shape of cell

A

Squamous
cuboidal
columnar
transitional….. change shape ex…like bladder

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24
Q

Stratified Main function posssible quiz question

A

protection

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25
Q

Simple epithelium function possible quiz question

A

Diffusion or allow things to pass over at selectively Premable

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26
Q

Connective tissue extra cellular matrix

A

Very diverse

Share embryonic origin mesoderm

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27
Q

Six main functions of connective tissue

A

1 . Protection (bone)

  1. Support & framework(bone)
  2. Bring together tissues (ligaments)
  3. Storage (adipose) = fat
  4. transport fluids & dissolve materials (blood,lypmph)
  5. Defense Micro organisms (blood, lymph)
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28
Q

Cartlidge what type of tissue

A

connective tissue

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29
Q

Connective tissue proper loose

A
  1. Areolar
  2. Adipose
    3.recticular
    Fewer fibers more ground substances
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30
Q

Tissue proper dense

A

More fiber less ground substances

  1. regular
  2. Irregular
  3. Elastic
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31
Q

Supporting connective tissue

BONE

A

Solid matrix

  1. hyaline
  2. Fibrocartlidge
  3. Elastic
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32
Q

Supportive connective tissue Cartlidge

A

Semi solid matrix

  1. compact
  2. spongy
33
Q

Fluid connective tissue

A

Blood lymph

34
Q

Made of cells called Fibers

A

muscle tissue

35
Q

Main function movement still become active and results cause movement

A

Muscle tissue

36
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal muscle:any type of voluntary muscle
Cardiac: muscle heart
Smooth :named based on appearance

37
Q

Involuntary

Digestive tract blood muscle

A

Smooth muscle

38
Q

Arm leg stomach muscle tissue is ….

A

skeletal muscle tissues

39
Q

nervous tissue two cell types

A

neurons…..Glial cells

40
Q

20% excitability in

  • start shaped cells
  • produce $ send electoral signals
A

Neurons

41
Q

80% support & protect nerons

  • not excitable,none conductive ,can not produce electrical signals
  • functions support & protection or nerons
A

Glial cells

42
Q

State of relative stays within acceptable limits

A

homeostasis

43
Q

State of relative constancy of the internal environment

A

homeostasis

44
Q

10 of the 11 major body systems contribute to what

A

homeostasis

45
Q

Homeostasis regulation factors

A

1 Centration of nutrients-read it for ATP

  1. Concentration of O2 and CO2
  2. Concentration of waste products-urea,Uric acid
  3. PH(acidic)
  4. Concentration of water salt and electrolytes
  5. Volumein pressure(air ventilation breathing)
  6. Temperature fo
46
Q

Maintenance of homeostasis the body must be able to what 2 things

A
  1. detect change an internal Environment

2. Adjust internal appropriately

47
Q

Need oxygen in process of producing what

A

ATP

48
Q

Need carbon dioxide as a byproduct

A

ATP

49
Q

Things go wrong if off

A

Blood ph 7.35-7.45 neutral

50
Q

Mechanisms that are built in or inherent an organ local organ be affect with change

A

Intrinsic

51
Q

Mechanism initiate it outside in Organ to alter the organs activity
-regulation of several organs towards a common goal

A

Extrinsic control

52
Q

Overrrides intrinsic control

A

Extrinsic control

53
Q

Two systems involved in extrinsic control

A

Nervous, endocrine

54
Q

Extrinsic control is accomplished through what

A

Negative feedback

55
Q

A response that seeks a restore homeostasis to normal by moving the factor in the opposite direction of its initial change

A

Negative feedback

56
Q

There are four major components to negative feedback

A
  1. Set point (homeostasis) acceptable range
  2. sensor (detect) what’s going on
  3. intergrator ….process make decisions (brain)
  4. effector …responder
57
Q
  1. normal body temp
  2. increase temp detector notice increase temp.
  3. hypthalmas in Brian send signal to brain
  4. blood vessels in skin dialate more blood flaws in skin and sweet glands decrease blood temp.
A

1set point

2sensor
3integrator
4effector

58
Q

The output enhance a change so that the variable continue to move in the direction of initial change

A

Positive feedback

59
Q

multiplying process

A

Antibody production

60
Q

Formation vessel burst clothes off explosion of platelet formation

A

Blood clot

61
Q

Basic unit of life the smallest. The smallest unit able to carry out life processes

A

Cells

62
Q

Three subdivisions that make up a cell

A

Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

63
Q

Function to be outside of the cell acts ass barrier

A

Plasma membrane

64
Q

Organelles,cytoskeleton & cytosol

A

Cytoplasm

65
Q

Structures inside cell

A

Organelles

66
Q

Jelly like fluid makes up other space

A

Cytosol

67
Q

Protein production

A

Rough endoplasmic recticulum

68
Q

Function post office cell
Make the final finish duct of protein
Modify,package & sort material from ER

A

Holy apparatus

69
Q

Function
Power house cell
Produce atp
Biggest place ATP OCCURS IN mitochordria

A

Mitochondria

70
Q

ProduceATP

A

Mitochondria

71
Q

Produce hormones

A

Endoplasmic recticolumn

72
Q

Producing and breaking down of energy

A

Metabolism

73
Q

All the reaction in the body that involve energy transformation are collectively known as

A

metabolism

74
Q

Tablet reaction that requires the presence of oxygen

A

Aerobic

75
Q

metabolic reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen

A

Anaerobic

76
Q

Electron transport train

A

Glycolysis,citric acid cycle & the electron transport chain

77
Q

Glycolysis 3 things

A

Anaerobic
Location:cytosoplasm
Product:2 ATP

78
Q

Critic acid cycle 3 things

A

Aerobic
Location:mitochondria
product 2atp

79
Q

Electron transport 3 things

A

Aerobic
Location:mitochondria matrix
product: 28 atp

Bio 210 (1 decks)

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