lecture 1 + 2 Flashcards

1
Q

four types of polymers

A

nucleic acids
polysaccharides
lipids
proteins

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2
Q

formation of lipid polymers

A

Acetate are building blocks of fatty acid (acyl) chains formed via dehydration.

acyl chains join with glycerol by ester linkages via dehydration to form triacylglycerol (fat/lipid molecule)

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3
Q

how life may have begun?

A

dust condensed into stars which make the elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, helium)

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4
Q

what is life composed of

A

1.) simple molecules
2.) water vapour
3.) electrical discharge (lightning, solar energy, hydrothermal vents, earth’s magnetic core transferring electrons up to surface)
4.) amino acids and metabolites (pyruvate) produced

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5
Q

functions of lipids

A

energy storage
structural molecules
steroid hormones

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6
Q

phospholipid contribution to beginnings of life

A

phospholipid membrane vesicles grow in size until they destabilise and naturally bud into two vesicles grow repeat etc

phospholipid membranes also attract each other

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7
Q

polysaccharides structure

A

monosacchardies joined with glycosidic bonds

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8
Q

polysaccharides function

A

energy storage (glycogen in animal liver/muscles,, starch in plants)
structural molecules (cellulose in plants, chitin exoskeleton in arthropods, fungi)
carbohydrate residues –> glycolipids and glycoproteins

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9
Q

glycosidic bond types

A

alpha and beta (both 1-4)

alpha allows for more flexibility in glycogen and starch

beta allows for more rigidity in cellulose and chitin

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10
Q

nucleic acids/polynucleotides formation

A

nucleotides join together by phosphodiester bonds to form polynucleotides

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11
Q

variation of monomers in which polymers

A

nucleic acids - nucleotides sugars (ribose or deoxyribose) and base (purine, pyrimidine) can vary

proteins - amino acid R chains can vary

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12
Q

nucleic acid functions

A

energy storage (chemical energy in ATP)
information processes involving DNA and RNA
intracellular signalling cAMP

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13
Q

proteins formation

A

amino acids join by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains

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14
Q

purine bases

A

double ring
adenine and guanine

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15
Q

pyrimidine bases

A

single ring
cytosine, uracil, thymine

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16
Q
A