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Sheep Production > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many breeding ewes are there?

A

2.7 million

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2
Q

How many flocks are there?

A

36,000

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3
Q

How many ewes per flock on average?

A

111

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4
Q

What is the average stocking rate per ha?

A

7.8 ewes/ha

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5
Q

Up to what % of lambs can be finished off grass?

A

90%

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6
Q

What are the two types of farms for pasture?

A

Hill and Lowland farms

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7
Q

How much carcass is currently produced?

A

225 kg/ha

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8
Q

Who is the 4th largest exporter of sheep meet?

A

Ireland

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9
Q

What is the most cost-effective way to feed ruminants?

A

Grazed grass

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10
Q

What are the two main pressures on the Irish Sheep Industry?

A

Financial and environmental

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11
Q

What is the financial pressure on the Irish Sheep Industry?

A

Lower gross margins compared to other sectors

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12
Q

What are the environmental pressures on the Irish sheep industry?

A

Irish greenhouse gas emission targets

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13
Q

True or false, prolificacy is a major driver of profitability?

A

True

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14
Q

True or false, prolificacy is a major driver of profitability?

A

True

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15
Q

What is the simplest way to improve flock prolifcacy?

A

Changing breed type

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16
Q

What is the value of the meat and livestock market?

A

€4bn

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17
Q

How much euros does sheep meat account for in the meat and livestock market?

A

€475 million

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18
Q

How much did sheep meat grow by year on year?

A

17%

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19
Q

What % higher are input prices?

A

35%

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20
Q

What % higher are output prices?

A

2%

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21
Q

Where is the main destination for sheep meat in 2022 and what %?

A

EU
75%

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22
Q

What % of the destinations in 2022 were to the UK and internationally?

A

UK= 15%
International= 10%

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23
Q

What was the average family farm income for sheep in 2020?

A

€17,913

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24
Q

What was the average family income for sheep in 2021?

A

€20,800

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25
Q

What was the % difference in family farm income between 2021 vs 2020?

A

+16%

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26
Q

What was the average farm size in 2021?

A

48 ha

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27
Q

What was the farm income per ha in 2021?

28
Q

What % of farm income did direct payments account for in 2021?

29
Q

What % of farms would be in the top economic viability?

30
Q

What % of farms would be in the middle economic viability?

31
Q

What % of farms would be in the bottom economic viability?

32
Q

How much GHG emissions do sheep farms average?

33
Q

What is the average litter size?

34
Q

What is the average % of ewes lambed?

35
Q

What is the average lambs weaned per ewe joined?

36
Q

What is the average lamb mortality?

37
Q

What is the average concentrate input (kg/ewe)?

A

103 kg/ewe

38
Q

What is the average chemical N kg/ha?

39
Q

What is the average GHG emissions per kg live weight sheep produce?

A

9.2 kg CO2 e/kg

40
Q

What figure defines a ewe with medium prolifacy?

41
Q

What figure defines a ewe with high prolificacy?

42
Q

What is the difference in feed requirements between medium and high prolificacy?

A

High prolificacy requires 15% less

43
Q

How many kg of concentrates does a medium prolificacy ewe require?

44
Q

How many kg of concentrates does a high prolifacy ewe require?

45
Q

Assuming 85% utilization of grass (grazed and conserve), how much grass DM needs to be grown for every ewe?

A

1 tonne grass DM

46
Q

What is the amount of DM dependent on?

A

Amount of N applied and the type of sward

47
Q

What % of the top sheep farms reseed?

48
Q

What should farmers consider before increasing the flock size?

A

Grass growth efficiency

49
Q

What are the two subcategories of lowland sheep?

A

Terminal and Maternal

50
Q

What are the five terminal breed types?

A

Texel, Suffolk, Charolais, Beltex and Vendeen

51
Q

What is the primary target of the terminal breed types?

52
Q

What are the features of the terminal breed types?

A
  • High confirmation
  • Fat %
  • High growth rates and weaning rates
  • Average litter size
  • Average colostrum and milk production ability
53
Q

Where do Texels originate from?

54
Q

What is the average prolificacy for texels?

A

1.4 lambs/ewe

55
Q

What are the 3 remaining features of the Texel?

A

Excellent carcass quality
Good Kill Out %
Clean Lambs

56
Q

Where do Suffolks originate from?

57
Q

What type of lambing are Suffolk’s suitable for?

A

Early Lambing

58
Q

What type of lambing are Suffolks suitable for?

A

Early Lambing

59
Q

What type of carcass weight do Suffolks achieve?

60
Q

True or False, Suffolk have excellent weaning weights?

61
Q

What are the maternal breed types?

A
  • Belclare
  • Lleyn
  • Mule
  • Easy care
  • Galway
    -Rouge
62
Q

What is the primary target for maternal breed types?

A

Future breeding stock

63
Q

What are the features of the maternal breed?

A
  • Good natural mothering ability
  • Good colostrum and milk production ability
  • High weaning efficiency
  • High litter size
64
Q

What are the two breeds that make up Belcare Improver?

A

Finnish Landrace, Galway and Lleyn

65
Q

What are the two features of the Belcare Improver of the 1980’s?

A

Very high litter size and poor conformation

Sheep Production (1 decks)

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