Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is diphtong?
Diphthong is a combination of two vowel pronounced together in
one syllable.
How is ‘au’ pronounced?
‘au’ is pronounced as in ‘down’: áuris (ear)
How is ‘eu’ pronounced?
‘eu’ is pronounced [eu]: pléura (pleura)
How is ‘ae’ or ‘oe’ pronounced in English?
‘ae’ or ‘oe’ is pronounced /e/ in pen: vertebrae (vertebrae), oedema (swelling)
Two dots over ‘e’ indicate that ‘ae’ or ‘oe’ are not digraphs.
How is ‘C’ pronounced before a, o, u, before consonants, and at the end of a word?
‘C’ is pronounced as /k/: cáput - head; cósta - rib; cutis - skin; crista - crest; lac - milk.
How is ‘G’ pronounced?
‘G’ is always pronounced as /g/ in give, get, go.
How is ‘J’ pronounced?
‘J’ is pronounced as /j/ in yes, you, young.
How is ‘L’ pronounced?
‘L’ is always palatalized and soft as in look, live, life.
How is ‘S’ pronounced between vowels?
‘S’ between two vowels or between a vowel and the voiced consonant m or n is pronounced as /z/ in nose, rose.
Before vowels, consonants, and at the end of a word it is pronounced as /s/ in solve, slow, maps.
How is ‘X’ pronounced?
‘X’ is pronounced as /ks/ in next, larynx, but sometimes between vowels it is pronounced as /gz/ in examination, example.
How is ‘Z’ pronounced in Greek words?
‘Z’ in Greek words is always pronounced as /z/ in zero, zone.
In words of other origin such as Zineum (zinc), influénza (grippe) it is pronounced as /ts/.
What is a key difference between English and Latin consonants?
In Latin, D, T, K are not aspirated.
How is ‘I’ pronounced in Latin?
‘I’ is always palatalized.
What is a digraph?
A digraph is a group of two letters representing one sound.
What are the two vowel digraphs in Latin?
The two vowel digraphs in Latin are:
- ‘ch’ as /kh/: nucha /nuha/ neck
- ‘ph’ as /f/: ráphe /rafe/ - suture
How is ‘rh’ pronounced in Latin?
‘rh’ is pronounced as /r/: rhéxis /reksis/ - rupture.
How is ‘th’ pronounced in Latin?
‘th’ is pronounced as /t/: thorax /toraks/ - chest.
