Lecture 1

Question 1

Define: Restoration Ecology

Answer 1

A field of study that provides scientific background for practical ecological restoration

Question 2

Define: Ecological Restoration

Answer 2

The practice of restoring ecosystems by practicioners at specific sites

Question 3

Define: Restoration

Answer 3

Re-establishing ecosystem habitats to original structure and species composition

Question 4

Define: Reclamation

Answer 4

Stabilization of terrain, assurance of public safety, aesthetic improvement, and returning land to a “useful purpose”

Question 5

Define: Re-vegitation

Answer 5

Establishment of one or few species, associated with reclamation

Question 6

Define: rehabilitation

Answer 6

Focus in historic or pre-existing ecosystems as models or reference. Emphasizes the reparation of ecosystem processes, productivity and services

Question 7

Define: Mitigation

Answer 7

an action intended to compensate environmental damage. commonly required as a condition of development that destroys the environment (lip-stick on a pig)

Question 8

Define: Remediation

Answer 8

Removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water.

Question 9

Define: Rewilding

Answer 9

Large scale conservation aimed at restoring and protecting core wilderness areas. Includes providing connectivity to wilderness areas and re-introducing apex predators and keystone species.

Question 10

What is ecological engineering?

Answer 10

Using natural materials, living organisms and the physical-chemical environment to achieve specific human goals

Question 11

Define: Enhancement

Answer 11

Increasing the value, quality, extent of an ecosystem (good–>better)

Question 12

What are 4 major contributions to decreasing human mortality

Answer 12

Disinfection of drinking water
Pasteurization of food
immunizations
modern sanitization

Question 13

What is “the great leap forward”/

Answer 13

Mankind learned how to relay large amounts of info quickly

Question 14

What are the 3 phases of industrial revolution?

Answer 14

1. ~1760- end of feudalism, agricultural revolution, cottage industries, scientific revolution, protestant work ethic, steam engine–> social and technological events and inventions
2. ~1850+ steam engine became portable, transportation, developed into internal combustion engine
3. 1990 computer era.

Question 15

where was industry originally located?

Answer 15

close to resources, especilly water

Question 16

How are dead zones created?

Answer 16

fresh water is warmer and less dense than cold salt water. creates stratification when river enters ocean. fresh water has oxygen, but doesnt mix with ocean salt water because of stratification. Phytoplankton living in fresh water eventually dies and falls into salt water. decomposition process removes the small amount of oxygen in salt water, creating anoxic conditions

Question 17

Whats the difference between anoxic and anaerobic?

Answer 17

Anoxic: chemically bound oxygen (NO3) in water
Anaerobic: no free oxygen in water

Question 18

What are the global problems with soil?

Answer 18

Contamination, salinization, erosion

Question 19

What are the global problems with air quality?

Answer 19

Pollution transition from local to global with increased population. acid rain, CFC’s and Greenhouse Gasses

Question 20

What is the unit of measurement for ozone?

Answer 20

Dobson Unit

Question 21

How thick is the Ozone on average

Answer 21

300 dobson units

Question 22

How thick is the ozone at the “hole”

Answer 22

100 dobson units

Question 23

how is an ozone hole created?

Answer 23

Chemical reactions involving chlorine and bromine cause the ozone to be destroyed

Question 24

Where is the ozone hole created?

Answer 24

above antarctica, austrailia and newzealand

Question 25

what 4 ways have humans caused ecosystem stress and species destruction?

Answer 25

Transformation of the landscape
overexploitation of species
pollution
introduction of alien species