Lecture 1 Flashcards
Define: Restoration Ecology
A field of study that provides scientific background for practical ecological restoration
Define: Ecological Restoration
The practice of restoring ecosystems by practicioners at specific sites
Define: Restoration
Re-establishing ecosystem habitats to original structure and species composition
Define: Reclamation
Stabilization of terrain, assurance of public safety, aesthetic improvement, and returning land to a “useful purpose”
Define: Re-vegitation
Establishment of one or few species, associated with reclamation
Define: rehabilitation
Focus in historic or pre-existing ecosystems as models or reference. Emphasizes the reparation of ecosystem processes, productivity and services
Define: Mitigation
an action intended to compensate environmental damage. commonly required as a condition of development that destroys the environment (lip-stick on a pig)
Define: Remediation
Removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water.
Define: Rewilding
Large scale conservation aimed at restoring and protecting core wilderness areas. Includes providing connectivity to wilderness areas and re-introducing apex predators and keystone species.
What is ecological engineering?
Using natural materials, living organisms and the physical-chemical environment to achieve specific human goals
Define: Enhancement
Increasing the value, quality, extent of an ecosystem (good–>better)
What are 4 major contributions to decreasing human mortality
Disinfection of drinking water
Pasteurization of food
immunizations
modern sanitization
What is “the great leap forward”/
Mankind learned how to relay large amounts of info quickly
What are the 3 phases of industrial revolution?
- ~1760- end of feudalism, agricultural revolution, cottage industries, scientific revolution, protestant work ethic, steam engine–> social and technological events and inventions
- ~1850+ steam engine became portable, transportation, developed into internal combustion engine
- 1990 computer era.
where was industry originally located?
close to resources, especilly water
How are dead zones created?
fresh water is warmer and less dense than cold salt water. creates stratification when river enters ocean. fresh water has oxygen, but doesnt mix with ocean salt water because of stratification. Phytoplankton living in fresh water eventually dies and falls into salt water. decomposition process removes the small amount of oxygen in salt water, creating anoxic conditions
Whats the difference between anoxic and anaerobic?
Anoxic: chemically bound oxygen (NO3) in water
Anaerobic: no free oxygen in water
What are the global problems with soil?
Contamination, salinization, erosion
What are the global problems with air quality?
Pollution transition from local to global with increased population. acid rain, CFC’s and Greenhouse Gasses
What is the unit of measurement for ozone?
Dobson Unit
How thick is the Ozone on average
300 dobson units
How thick is the ozone at the “hole”
100 dobson units
how is an ozone hole created?
Chemical reactions involving chlorine and bromine cause the ozone to be destroyed
Where is the ozone hole created?
above antarctica, austrailia and newzealand
