lecture 1 Flashcards
intro
Name the 2 pain chemicals
Substance P
Prostaglandins
What are the three parts of EBP (evidence based-practice)
Best available evidence, Clinical expertise, Patient preferences and values
What are three barriers that therapists often report to not using EBP
Lack of time
Limited resources and training
Resistance to change
What are two “Red Flag Signs?”
1.pain radiating down upper extremity, jaw pain,
2.unexplained weight loss and night sweats.
Chronic pain is pain that persists for more than ____ months
3
What are 2 mechanisms that can account for chronic pain
- Mechanical – eg nerve entrapment
- Chemical – previously mentioned chems
What types of treatments are best for chronic pain
- biopsychosocial
- Modalities: TENS and CBT
What is one example of an objective way to evaluate pain
0-10 Pain Severity Scale
C fibers conduct pain that is _____
burning deep ache
According to the Gate control theory of pain, ______ fibers (sensory) can mix with the pain nerves (A delta and C) to decrease to sensation of pain?
A beta
Which nerve fibers are connected to Ruffini or Pacinian corpuscles
C fibers
The area in the spinal cord where “gating of pain” occurs is called
Subtansia gelatinosa
Descending modulation is the newest addition to the Gate Control Theory and involves the release of ______ into the substantia gelatinosa
endorphins
The 3 stages of tissue healing are
inflammatory phase, Proliferative phase, remodeling phase
What are the approx timelines for each phase
- Inflammatory phase: 1-4 days
- Proliferative phase: 4-21 days
- remodeling phase: Several months to years
What is the anatomical knot in the upper trapezius called
Sub trapezial plexus
A hyperirritable spot in muscle or fascia is known as a
Trigger point
Two differences between a trigger point and a tender point are
Trigger point causes referred pain, can cause muscle contraction; tender point only causes localized pain with pressure
Which type of cupping involves cutting the skin to suction out blood and “toxins”
wet cupping
3 major classes of McGill Pain Questionnaire
sensory, affective and evaluative
