Lecture 1

Question 1

unicellular example

Answer 1

bacteria

Question 2

multicellular

Answer 2

plants and animals

Question 3

multi or unicellular

Answer 3

protists and fungi

Question 4

4 things cell division is important for

Answer 4

• reproduction
• growth
• wound healing
• replacing dead cells

Question 5

What 3 things does cell division require

Answer 5

1. replication of genetic material
2. accurate segregation of genetic material
3. division of cytoplasm (liquid in cells) between 2 cells

Question 6

Prokaryotes

Answer 6

Small cell size
No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
DNA in circular chromosomes
Cell division by binary fission

Question 7

Eukaryotes

Answer 7

Large cell size
Nucleus present
Has membrane-bound organelles
DNA in linear chromosomes (except for mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA)
Cell division by mitosis/meiosis

Question 8

Binary fission

Answer 8

1. cell size increases
2. circular bacterial chromosome is replicated
3. Replication begins at the origin of replication and proceeds in both directions to the site of termination
4. The 2 chromosomes are separated and segregated to opposite ends of the cell

Question 9

nucleoid

Answer 9

a non-membrane bound region of compacted DNA (contains proteins)

Question 10

How many base pairs in a single circular chromosome in prokaryotes

Answer 10

4 mil bp

Question 11

how much do chromosomes need to be condensed

Answer 11

1000x

Question 12

1st and 2nd level of DNA compaction (prokaryotes)

Answer 12

DNA is looped around SMC proteins to form loop domains
DNA loops are further compacted into supercoils

Question 13

Septation

Answer 13

• dividing the cell into 2

Question 14

FtSZ proteins

Answer 14

form a ring around the middle of the cell called a Z-ring

Question 15

Z-ring

Answer 15

shrinks and continues until the cell is divided into 2 daughter cells