Lecture 1 Flashcards
Comms and Media Relations
news media = intervening public
bring our message to their audience
Media relations plan
a strategic plan dealing with news media only
news media changes
convergence due to other outlets, media, citizen journalists, fewer staff, more pressures, less space for stories, more competition for that limited space
news media considerations
catch media attention by being relevant to needs
every word counts - stay on message
research media to be more effective in communicating messages
Comm definitions
establishment of common understanding
transfer of meaning from person to person
stimulation of common symbols in various minds
creation of meaning in others through stimulus response activities
What comms does
transfer messages from place to place
transfer message content from one person to another
expresses human interconnection
Communication types
verbal v nonverbal
inter/intrapersonal
small group v mass
intrapersonal communication
communicating with yourself
interpersonal communication
dyadic (one to one)
group (one to a few; networks)
public (one to many)
organizational communication
formal hierarchical networks
mass/mediated communication
technology; large, dispersed audiences
Basic Communication Model
source/encoder to channel/message to receiver/decoder
desire effects on receivers
cognitive (change in thinking)
Affective (change in feeling)
Acting (change in behaviour)
Communications spectrum
unaware to aware to understand to support to act to commit
Mass communication defined
impersonal communication with a diverse audience which has limited opportunity to respond
Mass comms characteristics
formalized (has structure)
institutionalized (created/controlled by established org)
sent via technology
impersonal
no face-to-face
delayed feedback
mass audience characteristics
large, scattered, anonymous, heterogenous (diverse/varied)
elements of mass communication model
source, encoder, message, channel, noise, decoder, receiver/audience, feedback
mathematical theory of information/shannon-weaver model:
source to encoder to message/channel to decoder to receiver to feedback surrounded by noise
noise
disrupts/interferes with communication
channel noise
static on transmission
environmental noise
noisy room OR too many messages from too many outlets
semantic noise
poorly worded messages
cultural noise
cultural beliefs/traditions
personal bias noise
based on individual experience/opinions/beliefs
narrative model of mass communication (lass well):
who (source) says what (message) through what medium (channel) to whom (audience) to what effect (change in belief/perception)
Direct effects theory
AKA magic bullet theory/hypodermic needle - there are universal effects on all individuals who are exposed to mass communication messages
limited effects model:
mass comms has limited effects b/c of interpersonal comms and other variables intervening b/w sender and receiver - comms flow through series of filters/mediating factors/influences - may contribute to but does not cause all actions in society
uses and gratification theory
public relates own needs/desires to making sense of mass communicated messages - shifts away from what media does to people and more on what people do with media
structure v agency
structure = societal constraints on individual action - societal norms/expectations
agency: individuals exercise of choice
media of mass comms
newspapers, magazines, books, tv, radio, internet BUT NOT SM
movies, videos, cds, dvds
barriers to good comms
don’t respect person
not right frame of mind
not interested
not listening
assuming message is understood
ideology
language
differences in experience/intelligent
knowledge
medium not reaching audience
culture
economic status
good communicators:
thinks content of message through
removes semantic noise where possible
knows what they can about intended audience
seeks understanding
considers what they know about sender
makes allowances
sifts through semantic noise to find meaning
seeks understanding
