Lecture 1 Flashcards
Injury prevention (3)
-reduction of force
-strengthening of body parts
-screening of participants
reduction of force
-Protective equipment
-tech development
-balanced opponents- weight classes
-preventative taping
-rules and enforcement
primary prevention
things we do to prevent injury and illness
3 things to prepare for physical activity
warm up
stretching
training (pre-training season)
secondary prevention
once an injury or illness has occurred
secondary prevention treatment
-antibiotics/anti-inflammatories
-rehab-physio, chiropractic, massage
-braces/taping on return to sport
tertiary prevention
things we do when original function can’t be restored
what we do when original function can’t be restored
reduce long term impairment
improve quality of life
importance of preparation
decrease incidents and severity of injuries
general conditioning (4)
endurance
strength
power
flexibility
specific training (3)
sport specific
individual specific
skills
protective measures (3)
equipment
nutrition
hydration
forms of prep for physical activity (3)
general conditioning
specific training
protective measures
C.O. =
HR x SV
PRE
progressive resistance exercise
Isometric
contraction without length change
isotonic
contraction with length change
branches of isotonic contractions
concentric and eccentric
rehab order of conditioning
isometric–> concentric–> eccentric
sport specific examples
skating, batting, pitching, swim stroke
individual specific example
foot speed, strength, power, flexibility
skills examples
gross vs fine
open vs closed
what does protective equipment do (4)
absorbs energy
disperses energy
defects a blow
limits excess movement
six classes of nutrients essential to body
-proteins
-carbs
-fats
-vitamins
-minerals
-water and electrolytes
role of nutrients
-growth, repair, maintenance
-regulate body process
-provide energy
how much energy from protein, carbs, fats
4Kcal/g, 4Kcal/g, 9Kcal/g
is protein a source of fuel?
NO!
how does protein increase muscle mass
eat protein to make protein, the protein we consume repairs muscle damage
what are carbohydrates broken down into and where are they stored
glycogen, stored in liver and muscles
average 150lb athlete carries _________ cals in forms of carbohydrates
1500-2000
what is the primary fuel for light to moderate exercise
fats
average 150lb athlete carries up to ________ calories of fat
80,000
what vitamins are fat soluble
ADEK
what vitamins are water soluble
BC
how many minerals are in the body and where r they stored
20, stored in liver and bones
major minerals you need 100mg or more of daily (7)
sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur
trace minerals (9)
iron. zinc, iodine, copper, manganese, fluoride, selenium, chromium, m something idk
anemia is a _______ deficiency
iron
how much body weight is water
60% give or take 10
a dehydrated athlete has decreased blood volume in circulation and consequently: (4)
-the amount of blood pumped with each heart beat decreases
-exercising muscles do not receive enough oxygen
-byproducts of exercise are not flushed out of the body as regularly as they should be
-exhaustion sets in and athletes performance suffers
early symptoms of dehydration
-thirst
-tiredness/weakness
-headache
-loss of appetite
-dry mouth
-dark urine
-muscle cramps
Late symptoms
-nausea
-hot to touch
-dizziness
-lack of coordination
-confusion
-fainting
extensional heat disorders
-cramping
-heat exhaustion
-head stroke
core temp of what is heat stroke
106 F
ABCD of emergency care
Airway?- open
Breathing?-rate
Circulation?-HR, bleeding
Disability?- sensation, alertness
general points of emergency care
keep head and neck stable
keep warm
NPO
Get help
repetition of abcd
shock definiton
state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with
forms of shock
neurogenic
physchologic
cariogenic
septic
hypovolemic
anaphylactic shock
neurogenic shock
general dilation of blood vessels
Physiologic shock
temp dilation of blood vessels to brain
cariogenic shock
reduced C.O. leads to reduced BP
Septic shock
dilated veins lead to reduced BP
Hypovolemic
reduced blood volume leads to reduced C.O./BP
anaphylactic shock
leads to reduced bp
what causes shock
decreased amount of blood for the circulatory system
what are signs and symptoms of shock
reduced BP
hypoxia
reflexive increase in HR
skin cool and clammy
(opposite if septic shock)
anxiety, thirst, impaired consciouness
SSx
signs and symptoms
Hx
history for current injury
PHx
past history
Ax
assessment
Dx
diagnosis
Ddx
differential diagnosis
Tx
treatment
6 types of joints
hinge
saddle
facet
pivot
gliding
fracture varieties (6)
transverse
oblique
comminuted
spiral
greenstick
growth plate
which load to bones do well with and which do they not
axial, shear
do the joint and bone stress ones
strain vs sprain
stretching/tearing of muscles and tendons vs that of ligaments
