Lecture 1 Flashcards by Shany L

Injury prevention (3)

-reduction of force
-strengthening of body parts
-screening of participants

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reduction of force

-Protective equipment
-tech development
-balanced opponents- weight classes
-preventative taping
-rules and enforcement

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primary prevention

things we do to prevent injury and illness

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3 things to prepare for physical activity

warm up
stretching
training (pre-training season)

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secondary prevention

once an injury or illness has occurred

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secondary prevention treatment

-antibiotics/anti-inflammatories
-rehab-physio, chiropractic, massage
-braces/taping on return to sport

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tertiary prevention

things we do when original function can’t be restored

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what we do when original function can’t be restored

reduce long term impairment
improve quality of life

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importance of preparation

decrease incidents and severity of injuries

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general conditioning (4)

endurance
strength
power
flexibility

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specific training (3)

sport specific
individual specific
skills

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protective measures (3)

equipment
nutrition
hydration

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forms of prep for physical activity (3)

general conditioning
specific training
protective measures

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C.O. =

HR x SV

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PRE

progressive resistance exercise

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Isometric

contraction without length change

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isotonic

contraction with length change

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branches of isotonic contractions

concentric and eccentric

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rehab order of conditioning

isometric–> concentric–> eccentric

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sport specific examples

skating, batting, pitching, swim stroke

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individual specific example

foot speed, strength, power, flexibility

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skills examples

gross vs fine
open vs closed

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what does protective equipment do (4)

absorbs energy
disperses energy
defects a blow
limits excess movement

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six classes of nutrients essential to body

-proteins
-carbs
-fats
-vitamins
-minerals
-water and electrolytes

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role of nutrients

-growth, repair, maintenance -regulate body process -provide energy

how much energy from protein, carbs, fats

4Kcal/g, 4Kcal/g, 9Kcal/g

is protein a source of fuel?

NO!

how does protein increase muscle mass

eat protein to make protein, the protein we consume repairs muscle damage

what are carbohydrates broken down into and where are they stored

glycogen, stored in liver and muscles

average 150lb athlete carries _________ cals in forms of carbohydrates

1500-2000

what is the primary fuel for light to moderate exercise

fats

average 150lb athlete carries up to ________ calories of fat

80,000

what vitamins are fat soluble

ADEK

what vitamins are water soluble

how many minerals are in the body and where r they stored

20, stored in liver and bones

major minerals you need 100mg or more of daily (7)

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur

trace minerals (9)

iron. zinc, iodine, copper, manganese, fluoride, selenium, chromium, m something idk

anemia is a _______ deficiency

iron

how much body weight is water

60% give or take 10

a dehydrated athlete has decreased blood volume in circulation and consequently: (4)

-the amount of blood pumped with each heart beat decreases -exercising muscles do not receive enough oxygen -byproducts of exercise are not flushed out of the body as regularly as they should be -exhaustion sets in and athletes performance suffers

early symptoms of dehydration

-thirst -tiredness/weakness -headache -loss of appetite -dry mouth -dark urine -muscle cramps

Late symptoms

-nausea -hot to touch -dizziness -lack of coordination -confusion -fainting

extensional heat disorders

-cramping -heat exhaustion -head stroke

core temp of what is heat stroke

106 F

ABCD of emergency care

Airway?- open Breathing?-rate Circulation?-HR, bleeding Disability?- sensation, alertness

general points of emergency care

keep head and neck stable keep warm NPO Get help repetition of abcd

shock definiton

state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with

forms of shock

neurogenic physchologic cariogenic septic hypovolemic anaphylactic shock

neurogenic shock

general dilation of blood vessels

Physiologic shock

temp dilation of blood vessels to brain

cariogenic shock

reduced C.O. leads to reduced BP

Septic shock

dilated veins lead to reduced BP

Hypovolemic

reduced blood volume leads to reduced C.O./BP

anaphylactic shock

leads to reduced bp

what causes shock

decreased amount of blood for the circulatory system

what are signs and symptoms of shock

reduced BP hypoxia reflexive increase in HR skin cool and clammy (opposite if septic shock) anxiety, thirst, impaired consciouness

SSx

signs and symptoms

history for current injury

PHx

past history

assessment

diagnosis

Ddx

differential diagnosis

treatment

6 types of joints

hinge saddle facet pivot gliding

fracture varieties (6)

transverse oblique comminuted spiral greenstick growth plate

which load to bones do well with and which do they not

axial, shear

do the joint and bone stress ones

strain vs sprain

stretching/tearing of muscles and tendons vs that of ligaments