Lecture 1 Flashcards
In epidemiology individuals are :
infected hosts
In epidemiology phylogeny displays:
transmission history
In epidemiology, population dynamics are :
transmission and becoming non-infectious process
In immunology individuals are :
B cells
In immunology phylogeny displays:
b cell differentiation
In immunology, population dynamics are :
B cell generation and loss process
In cancer individuals are :
cells
In cancer phylogeny displays:
relationship of different cancer cells and healthy cells
In cancer, population dynamics are :
spread and loss of cell types
sequences differ due to ?
evolution
What is genome data?
data on the genetic material carried by individuals
what is phonetic data ?
data on the appearance of individuals
a phylogeny starts with one ? and its x?
individual, offspring tracked through time
What does Lamrckian evolution say?
evolution is through use and disuse of features
According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, natural selection occurs given what?
- multiplication of individuals
- variation in the phenotype of individual
heredity of the phenotype - competition between phenotypes to survive and multiply
What is the genetic sequence
Order of A,T,G,C and how they appear in every cell
Does the phenotype determine the genotype or the other way around?
genotype determines the phenotype, more specifically A, G, C, T rules
What is an example of reverse transcription?
HIV, it enters a cell and reversely transcribes to DNA
DNA could change due to?
- point mutations
- recombination
- insertion
-deletion
Variation in DNA, causes variation in ?
phenotypes
Due to errors during replication, we see?
variation in genotypes and therefore in phenotypes
How has Darwin changed now in regards to multiplication?
multiplication (replication) of DNA leads to offspring. DNA genotype determines the phenotype
How has Darwin changed now in regards to variation?
variation in the offspring phenotypes occurs due to mutations,recombinations, insertions and deletions in DNA.
How has Darwin changed now in regards to heredity?
heredity of the phenotypes occurs due to the DNA being passed on, and the phenotypes being encoded in the genotype
what is the problem with the current view of Darwin?
it neglects any impact of the environment, however epigenetic is suggested to transmit environmentally acquired phenotypes like Lamarck said
How is data mining done?
we look at wha genomic precisions are varied in HC and UH, to see if there is a certain correlation that the case group has a particular mutation that the other group doesnt
sequences are –/independent samples, explain
aren’t, they share an evolutionary history the phylogenetic tree
What can we tell from a time tree?
we can determine population dynamics such as extinction and speciation from the timing of events in the tree
