Lecture 1 Flashcards
What does ‘PSI’ stand for?
Patient Specific Implants
What does ‘CMF’ stand for?
Craniomaxillofacial
What is the problem with standard implants?
- They are non patient specific
- They have fit issues
How many OEM polymer manufacturers?
> 180 (over 180)
How many OEM metal manufacturers?
> 130 (over 130)
How many additive manufactured implants were manufactured in 2019? What is the esimate of additive manufactured implants for 2027?
600,000 in 2019
4 mio in 2027
What are the 3 branches of Patient specific impant/medical devices (PSI)?
- Custom-made medical device (e.g. surgical plate/guide)
- Patient-matched medical device (e.g. skull impant)
- Adaptable medical devices (e.g. bent plate for jaw surgery)
Custom-made medical device
- for sole use of a particular individual (single patient)
- made with a written request
- Prescriber (requestee) has a certain responsibility for the design
Patient-matched medical device
- matched to a patient’s anatomy within a specifc design template
- Then “matched” to patient
- Produced in batch
- Designed and produced unde the responsibility of a manufacturer
Adaptable Medical Device
- Mass produced
- adapted/shaped at the point of care according to manufacturer instruction
- E.g. bending plates
What fienlds are PSIs used for?
- Neuro
- CMF
- Trauma
- Plastic surgery
- Orthopedics (on the way)
Benefits of PSIs:
- Better anatomical fit
- Reduced operating time
- Aesthetic
What is the oldest application of PSI?
- Skull reconstruction
Advantages of Medical Additive Manufacturing (MAM)?
- Complex bone replacement implants
- Fast (for small quantities)
MAM challanges?
- Some materials can’t be modified during operation time so bone must be shaped/cut instead
-integrating 3D printing in remote areas
Typed of MAM prints?
- Planning model
- Template for planning transfer
- Temporary or permanent implant
- Absorbable
Implant of the future
Personalized, resorbable, and functinos like bone
Custom made or patient matched process?
- Obtain patient data
- Anatomical segmentation
- Pre-surgical planning/design
- Pre-processing for production
- AM production (additive maufacturing)
- Post-processing
- Quality control
- Cleaning, sterilisation, packaging
- implantation
Methods for obtaining patient data
- CT
- MRI
- Both transmitted and stored as DICOM
Medical Image segmentation
Procedure of extracting the region of interest through autmatic or semi-automatic process
Why is CAD good? And where is is specifically useful?
Benefits:
- Low cost, high quality and fast variable processes
- Provides virtual access to the entire product
Specific use:
Only true for product produced in larger (and economic quantities).
Mass customisation is increasingly required so alternatives to CAD are needed
What are the categories VOLUME representation in CAD?
- Tetrahedral meshes
- Voxcel models (“Minecrafting”)
What are the categories BOUNDARY representation in CAD?
- Polygon mesh models
- NURBS models (non uniform rational basis splines)
What is the problem with doing a conversion of geometry represntation?
Information might be lost gonig from one to another one
What are some benefits of FEA?
- Reduces development time
- Reduces/eliminates testing
- Improves safety
What is the FEA Process chain?
- Geometric modelling
- Finite element modelling
- Define the environment (loads and boundary conditions)
- Perform analysis
- Assess results
REPEAT (if necessary)
