Lecture 1

Question 1

List the essential components of the diet.

Answer 1

Carbohydrate - mostly supplies energy
Protein - Energy and amino acids
Fat - Energy and essential fatty acids
Minerals - Essential
Vitamins - Essential
Water - Maintains Hydration
Fibre - Necessary for normal GI function

Question 2

Define the components of daily energy expenditure.

Answer 2

Basal metabolic rate (BMR): Maintains resting activities of the body
- Maintenance of cells - ion transport across membranes -
Biochemical reactions.
- Functions of organs - (skeletal muscle always has some
contraction).
- Maintaining body temperature.
- Affected by body size, gender, environmental temp, endocrine statue and body temp (12% increase per degree)
Diet-induced thermogenesis:
- Energy required to break down food.
Physical activity level:

Question 3

Describe the factors involved in the regulation of body weight.

Answer 3

Metabolic rate.

Dietary intake.

Neural appetite control.

Question 4

Determine the Body Mass Index and interpret the value.

Answer 4

Weight(Kg)/(height(m^2))^2
See separate resource for values.

Question 5

Explain the clinical consequences of protein and energy deficiency.

Answer 5

Energy deficiency results in breakdown of energy stored in fatty adipose tissue.

Protein deficiency causes muscle wasting as muscles are broken down to provide essential amino acids.