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Human Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

History

A
  • Recorded study can be traced to 1600 B.C. In Egypt
  • Early medical education often used executed criminals (16-17th century)
  • Increased in grave robberies
  • Cadavers demand increased, poor were given to medical schools
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2
Q

Directional Terms

A
  1. Anterior/posterior
  2. Superior/inferior
  3. Ventral/dorsal
  4. Medial/lateral
  5. Proximal/distal
  6. Cranial/caudal
  7. Superficial/deep
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3
Q

Regional Terms

A
  1. Cranial
  2. Palmer
  3. Plantar
  4. Axillary
  5. Basal
  6. Apical
  7. Radial
  8. Ulnar
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4
Q

Transverse Plane

A
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5
Q

Sigittal Plane

A
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6
Q

Coronal Plane

A
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7
Q

Longitudinal Axis

A
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8
Q

Transverse Axis

A
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9
Q

Sagittal Axis

A
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10
Q

Spinal Curvatures

A

2 anterior: Cervical and Lumbar
1 posterior: Thoracic

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11
Q

Spinal Curvatures: Abnormalities

A
  1. scoliosis – juvenile vs. adult
  2. lordosis – Exaggerated lumbar lession. Pregnancy, overweight, weak core
  3. kyphosis – exaggerated thoracic lesion/hinch back”. Common with aging and osteoporosis
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12
Q

Intervertebral discs: 2 layers

A
  1. Anulusfibrosus– outside layer of fibrocartilage, absorbs compressive force
  2. Nucleuspulposus– jelly-like elastic center, extra shock absorption

never want bone-on-bone contact

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13
Q

Latissimus dorsi: origin

A

T7-T12 Spinous processes, posterior sacrum and thoracolumbar fascia

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14
Q

Latissimus dorsi: Insertion

A

Inter-tubercular groove of the humerus

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15
Q

Latissimus Dorsi: Action

A

Adduction, extension and medial (inward) rotation of the humerus

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16
Q

Largest back muscle, “wing muscle”

A

Latissimus Dorsi

17
Q

Rhomboid major: Origin

A

T2-T5 spinous process

18
Q

Rhomboid major: insertion

A

Medial border of scapula below spine

19
Q

Rhomboid major: Action

A

Adduction of the scapulae

20
Q

Rhomboid minor: origin

A

C7-T1 spinous process

21
Q

Rhomboid minor: insertion

A

Medial border of scapula above spine

22
Q

Rhomboid minor: action

A

Adduction of the scapulae

23
Q

Trapezius: origin

A

External occipital protuberance

24
Q

Trapezius: Insertion

A

Lateral 3rd clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

25
Q

Trapezius: Action

A

Elevation, depression, Adduction and stabilization of the scapulae

26
Q

Levator Scapulae: Origin

A

C1-C4 transverse processes

27
Q

Levator Scapulae: Origin

A

C1-C4 transverse processes

28
Q

Levator Scapulae: insertion

A

Superior Medial border of scapula

29
Q

Levator Scapulae: Action

A

Adducts, and elevates the scapulae

30
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior: Origin

A

T11-L2 or L3

31
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior: insertion

A

lower borders of ribs 9-12

32
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior: Action

A

helps draw the ribs inferiorly and posteriorly during exhalation

Human Anatomy Exam 1 (4 decks)

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