Lecture 1 Flashcards
History
- Recorded study can be traced to 1600 B.C. In Egypt
- Early medical education often used executed criminals (16-17th century)
- Increased in grave robberies
- Cadavers demand increased, poor were given to medical schools
Directional Terms
- Anterior/posterior
- Superior/inferior
- Ventral/dorsal
- Medial/lateral
- Proximal/distal
- Cranial/caudal
- Superficial/deep
Regional Terms
- Cranial
- Palmer
- Plantar
- Axillary
- Basal
- Apical
- Radial
- Ulnar
Transverse Plane
Sigittal Plane
Coronal Plane
Longitudinal Axis
Transverse Axis
Sagittal Axis
Spinal Curvatures
2 anterior: Cervical and Lumbar
1 posterior: Thoracic
Spinal Curvatures: Abnormalities
- scoliosis – juvenile vs. adult
- lordosis – Exaggerated lumbar lession. Pregnancy, overweight, weak core
- kyphosis – exaggerated thoracic lesion/hinch back”. Common with aging and osteoporosis
Intervertebral discs: 2 layers
- Anulusfibrosus– outside layer of fibrocartilage, absorbs compressive force
- Nucleuspulposus– jelly-like elastic center, extra shock absorption
never want bone-on-bone contact
Latissimus dorsi: origin
T7-T12 Spinous processes, posterior sacrum and thoracolumbar fascia
Latissimus dorsi: Insertion
Inter-tubercular groove of the humerus
Latissimus Dorsi: Action
Adduction, extension and medial (inward) rotation of the humerus
Largest back muscle, “wing muscle”
Latissimus Dorsi
Rhomboid major: Origin
T2-T5 spinous process
Rhomboid major: insertion
Medial border of scapula below spine
Rhomboid major: Action
Adduction of the scapulae
Rhomboid minor: origin
C7-T1 spinous process
Rhomboid minor: insertion
Medial border of scapula above spine
Rhomboid minor: action
Adduction of the scapulae
Trapezius: origin
External occipital protuberance
Trapezius: Insertion
Lateral 3rd clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
Trapezius: Action
Elevation, depression, Adduction and stabilization of the scapulae
Levator Scapulae: Origin
C1-C4 transverse processes
Levator Scapulae: Origin
C1-C4 transverse processes
Levator Scapulae: insertion
Superior Medial border of scapula
Levator Scapulae: Action
Adducts, and elevates the scapulae
Serratus Posterior Inferior: Origin
T11-L2 or L3
Serratus Posterior Inferior: insertion
lower borders of ribs 9-12
Serratus Posterior Inferior: Action
helps draw the ribs inferiorly and posteriorly during exhalation
