Lecture 1

Question 1

What is ideal state for cell function?

Answer 1

Liquid crystalline

Question 2

Amphipathic

Answer 2

hydrophilic head with hydrophobic tail

Question 3

Amphipathic

Answer 3

hydrophilic head with hydrophobic tail

Question 4

why is liquid crystalline ideal?

Answer 4

cell membrane is fluid and adaptable to environmental changes

Question 5

4 factors that alter membrane fluidity

Answer 5

Fatty acid chain length, Saturation, Head composition, Cholesterol

Question 6

Fatty acid chain length

Answer 6

long-low fluidity short-high fluidity

Question 7

Saturation

Answer 7

Unsaturated- high fluidity(more Kinks for particles to slip through) Saturation- low fluidity (more rigid)

Question 8

Head composition

Answer 8

PC - cylindrical, closer together lower fluidity
PE - conical, further apart higher fluidity

Question 9

Cholesterol

Answer 9

More cholesterol equals more fluidity

Question 10

Homeostatic changes

Answer 10

Response in phospholipid composition to environmental temperature changes

Question 11

Lipid raft

Answer 11

Accumulated glycogen and cholesterol

Question 12

Low temperature effect on fluidity

Answer 12

Low temperature leads to higher fluidity because cold causes gel state, systems must respond with increased fluidity

Question 13

High temperature effect on fluidity

Answer 13

High temperature causes higher fluidity, so systems change to lower fluidity

Question 14

18 2n-3 nomenclature

Answer 14

18 - # of carbons
2 - # of double bonds
N - 3 - location of first double bond

Question 15

Double bond effect on fluidity

Answer 15

(unsaturated), causes kinks in lipid tail and increases fluidity

Question 16

Temperature increase effect on saturation

Answer 16

As temp increases, the percentage of unsaturated bonds decreases

Question 17

August Krohl Principle

Answer 17

There are optimal animals that are best suited for studying different biological problems

Question 18

Homeostasis

Answer 18

Tendency for animals to maintain relative internal stability in the face of external changes/factors , not constant

Question 19

Conformers

Answer 19

Animals that conform to conditions

Question 20

Regulators

Answer 20

Animals that can regulate themselvs and put in a state of stability/homeostasis

Question 21

Conformer advantages/disadvantages

Answer 21

Lower ATP (energy costs)
Range limits

Question 22

Regulator advantages/disadvantages

Answer 22

Able to withstand environmental changes
Higher energy costs

Question 23

Negative feedback

Answer 23

systems regulating variable by opposing its deviation from a set point (ex. blood glucose)

Question 24

Positive feedback

Answer 24

systems regulate non-homeostatic change, creating rapid change away from set-point (ex. regulation of birth in mammals)

Question 25

Acclimation

Answer 25

Response from controlled environment

Question 26

Acclimatization

Answer 26

Response to natural environment variation

Question 27

Adaptation

Answer 27

Change through natural selection