Lecture 1

Question 1

Procedural program basic anatomy.

Answer 1

There are functions/methods and variables.
The functions/methods call each other.
As these get larger, they can become more unmanageable (spaghetti code).

Question 2

What are some basic ideas of object-oriented programming?

Answer 2

Handle complexity by decomposing things.
Make ‘objects’ that contain data and related behaviors.
This works very well for large-scale systems that are maintainable and extendable.

Question 3

Basic anatomy of object oriented programming.

Answer 3

Methods and variables within classes.

Question 4

Questions to understand related to object-oriented programming.

Answer 4

What things should be classes and objects?
How do objects interact?
How can we design without implementing the design?
How can the design be robust, reusable, and adaptable?

Question 5

Definition of classes and objects.

Answer 5

Class: A blueprint on how to create an object.
Object: An instance of a class.

Question 6

What is a field or attribute?

Answer 6

Related data. May include the state of an object.

Question 7

What is a constructor?

Answer 7

Makes an object with initial attributes.
Think __init__ in python.

Question 8

What is a method?

Answer 8

Implements related behaviors.
Some describe real world behaviors.
Some describe system behaviors.

Question 9

How does modelling work with programming?

Answer 9

Models group things (objects) with similar enough characteristics into the same type. How similar they are depends on the application.

In programming, objects of the same type are made with the same class. The class defines fields and operations.

All objects of the same type have the same fields and operations.

Question 10

Can objects of the same type have different fields and operations?

Answer 10

No*

Question 11

Categories of objects.

Answer 11

Entity: Real things. Like animals, people, numbers, etc.
Container: A data structure for storage of entities.
Interface: Communicates with the “outside world”. Such as a printer, file, or console.
Control: Organize computations. The main program.

Question 12

Entity Objects.

Answer 12

Can be physical, conceptual, or event/state-change objects. People, buildings, agreements, abstractions, purchases, sales, etc.

Question 13

Container Objects.

Answer 13

Contains some number of entities.
Implemented with data structures.

Question 14

Interface Objects.

Answer 14

Handles communication between software and externals. Such as people, other hardware, etc.
I.e. GUI.

Question 15

Control Objects.

Answer 15

Controls sequence of execution. I.e. Drivers, main program.

Question 16

Methods.

Answer 16

Things an object can do or have done to it.
Accessors/Getters.
Mutators/Setters.
Hybrid (both access and mutate). Note Hybrid is discouraged by modern software approaches.

Question 17

Software development process.

Answer 17

Requirements: Find what it needs to do.
Design: Make a plan to meet requirements.
Implementation: Write code to meet design.
System Testing and Verification: Show it meets requirements.
Maintenance: Install, deliver, update, upgrade, etc.

Question 18

Requirements stage of software design.

Answer 18

A written document in natural human language.
Explains the purpose in some detail. Only essential concepts with no code.
Given in class, but negotiated with clients.

Question 19

Interface meaning.

Answer 19

Several meanings in this course.
A way to work with an object using its methods.
A way to connect to the real world.
A way to describe a group of behaviors without committing to a common class.