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Embryo > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What period does the embryonic stage of development refer to?

A) From fertilization to birth
B) From fertilization to week 8
C) From week 8 to birth
D) From gametogenesis to fertilization

A

B) From fertilisation to week 8

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2
Q

Which process involves the creation of gametes through a specialized form of cell division?

A) Mitosis
B) Gametogenesis
C) Organogenesis
D) Spermiogenesis

A

B) Gametogenesis

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3
Q

What is the ploidy of a primary spermatocyte?

A) Haploid, 23 chromosomes
B) Diploid, 23 chromosomes
C) Diploid, 46 chromosomes
D) Haploid, 46 chromosomes

A

C) Diploid, 46 Chromosomes

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4
Q

When do primordial germ cells first appear during development?

A) Week 5
B) Week 4
C) At birth
D) After puberty

A

B) Endoderm of Yolk sac at week 4

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5
Q

Which cell type controls the environment within the seminiferous tubules and aids in regulating spermatogenesis?

A) Sertoli cells
B) Leydig cells
C) Spermatogonia
D) Primary spermatocytes

A

A) Sertoli cells

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6
Q

During meiosis, how many chromosomes are present in a secondary spermatocyte?

A) 46
B) 23
C) 92
D) 2

A

B) 23

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7
Q

At what stage does the process of spermatogenesis begin?

A) At fertilization
B) At birth
C) At puberty
D) During the fetal period

A

C) At puberty

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8
Q

What process is responsible for the maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa?

A) Spermatogenesis
B) Spermiogenesis
C) Meiosis II
D) Fertilization

A

B) Spermiogenesis

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9
Q

Ovulation typically occurs due to a surge in which hormones?

A) FSH and estrogen
B) LH and progesterone
C) FSH and LH
D) Testosterone and LH

A

C) FSH and LH

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10
Q

Which enzymes are involved in the penetration of the zona pellucida by sperm during fertilization?

A) Hyaluronidase
B) Acrosin
C) Neuraminidase
D) Glycosyltransferase

A

B) Acrosin
C) Neuraminidase

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11
Q

What happens to the sperm tail after the fusion of sperm and oocyte membranes?

A) It persists in the zygote
B) It forms the male pronucleus
C) It degenerates
D) It forms the spindle fibers

A

C) it degenerates

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12
Q

What is the significance of the cortical reaction during fertilization?

A) It allows multiple sperm to fertilize the oocyte
B) It prevents polyspermy
C) It releases acrosomal enzymes
D) It triggers oocyte maturation

A

B) Prevents Polyspermy

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13
Q

How many primary oocytes are present at birth?

A) 7 million
B) 2 million
C) 40,000
D) 12

A

B) 2 Million

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14
Q

Which phase of the uterine cycle corresponds to the thickening of the endometrium due to progesterone?

A) Menstruation
B) Proliferative phase
C) Secretory phase
D) Premenstrual phase

A

C) Secretory phase

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15
Q

Where does Spermatogenesis take place?

A) In the gonadal ridge
B) In the endoderm of the yolk sac
C) In the ovary
D) In the seminiferous tubules

A

D) in the seminiferous tubules

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16
Q

During what week do PGCs migrate into the future gonad region?

A) Week 4
B) Week 6
C) Week 5
D) Week 8

A

C) Week 5

17
Q

What process occurs in both spermatogenesis and oogenesis to reduce chromosome numbers by half?

A) Mitosis
B) Gametogenesis
C) Meiosis
D) Spermiogenesis

A

C) Meiosis

18
Q

In spermatogenesis, what is the ploidy of spermatids after the completion of meiosis II?

A) Diploid
B) Haploid
C) Tetraploid
D) Polyploid

A

B) Haploid

19
Q

what stage is a secondary oocyte arrested before ovulation?

A) Prophase of meiosis I
B) Metaphase of meiosis II
C) Anaphase of meiosis II
D) Telophase of meiosis I

A

B) Metaphase of meiosis II

20
Q

When does the first arrest in the development of oocytes occur during oogenesis?

A) At fertilization
B) In the metaphase of meiosis II
C) During prophase of meiosis I
D) At puberty

A

C) During prophase of meiosis I

21
Q

Which of the following factors can suppress ovulation?

A) Neurological diseases
B) Contraction of uterine muscles
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Cilia movement in the fallopian tubes

A

A) Neurological diseases

22
Q

Where does fertilization typically occur?

A) In the uterus
B) In the ovarian follicles
C) In the ampulla of the uterine tube
D) In the cervix

A

C) in the ampulla of the uterine tube

23
Q

What process ensures that only one sperm fertilizes the oocyte?

A) Acrosome reaction
B) Spermiogenesis
C) Cortical reaction
D) Zona pellucida penetration

A

C) Cortical reaction

24
Q

What is the final product formed when male and female pronuclei fuse?

A) Secondary oocyte
B) Zygote
C) Ovum
D) Spermatid

A

B) Zygote

Embryo (6 decks)

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