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BIOSCI 101 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the type of polymers

A

Lipids, Polysaccharides, Proteins, Nucleic acids

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2
Q

What is a dehydration reaction

A

when water is removed to join together monomers/polymers

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3
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction

A

when water is added to break the bond between monomers/polymers

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4
Q

What is a theory for how life formed based on hydration

A

hydration and dehydration cycles, heating and cooling in springs

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5
Q

What is the initial building blocks of lipids

A

acetate

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6
Q

What are the functions of lipids

A

Energy storage for mass
Structural molecules (membranes)
Steroid hormones

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7
Q

What is the structure of a triglyceride

A

A glycerol which links to 3 acyl chains via ester linkages
Chains can be different lengths

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8
Q

Why are saturated fats solid in colder temperatures

A

The hydrogens attached to the carbon repel each other making the lipid go out straight which makes the fat rigid.

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9
Q

Why are unsaturated fats liquid

A

because the double bonds adds kinks which spaces the lipids out. Double bond causes bending

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10
Q

What is a micelle

A

A single layer phospholipid sphere

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11
Q

What is a liposome

A

A double layer phospholipid sphere

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12
Q

What are oligosaccharides

A

sugars formed from several mixed sugar types

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13
Q

How are polysaccharides formed

A

repeating units connected by glyosidic bonds

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14
Q

what are polysaccharides useful for

A

energy storage, e.g starch and glycogen

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15
Q

Glucose + glucose?

A

maltose

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16
Q

glucose + fructose

A

sucrose

16
Q

What are the energy storage functions of polysaccharides

A

glycogen in animal tissue, starch in plants

17
Q

What are the structural molecules of polysaccharides

A

cellulose in plants, chitin in exoskeletons

18
Q

What is formed from carbohydrate residue added to proteins

A

glycolipids, glycoproteins

19
Q

What is the feature of glycosidic bonds?

A

An alpha linkage between 1st and 4th carbon of two sugar molecules, which means they can bend

20
Q

What is significant about the beta bond in cellulose

A

It is inflexible and we cannot break it down

21
Q

Describe the structure of chitin

A

It is similar to cellulose except they have nitrogen side chains which stick to things

22
Q

What are the functions of nucleic acids

A

all information processes in the cell involve DNA and RNA
storage of chemical energy in ATP
intracellular signalling in cAMP

23
Q

What are the components of nucleic acid?

A

Phosphate sugar, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

24
Q

What is the bond between nucleic acid

A

phosphodiester bond

25
Q

What is different between deoxyribose and ribose

A

there is no oxygen on the second carbon

26
Q

How many rings does pyrimidine have

A

2

27
Q

Whats the structure of guanine

A

double ring, C=O on 6 carbon ring

28
Q

What is the difference between thymine and uracil

A

thymine has an extra methyl group

BIOSCI 101 (2 decks)

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