Lecture 1

Question 1

Functions of the circulatory system

Answer 1

Transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Transport carbon dioxide and waste products
Regulate body temperature
Transportation of substances

Question 2

Organs of the blood vascular system

Answer 2

Heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Question 3

Layers of the circulatory system

Answer 3

Tunica intima, Tunica media and Tunica adventita

Question 4

Tunica intima (heart)

Answer 4

(endocardium) thin layer, formed of simple squamous epithelium and is separated from media by elastic fibers

Question 5

Tunica media (heart)

Answer 5

(myocardium) a muscular layer formed of cardiac muscle and is thick in ventricals

Question 6

Tunica adventita (heart)

Answer 6

(epicardium) formed of mesothelium, collagen fibers and small vessels called Vasa vasorum.

Question 7

The conducting system of the heart

Answer 7

Sino atrial node (S. A. N), atrioventricular node (A. V. N) and atrioventricular bundle (A. V. B)

Question 8

Sizes of arteries

Answer 8

Large (elastic arteries)
Medium (muscular arteries)
Small arteries (arterioles)

Question 9

Arterial system

Answer 9

Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries

Question 10

Structure of large arteries

Answer 10

Tunica intima: formed of simple squamous epithelium tissue called endothelium, and a layer of elastic fibers under.
Tunica media: formed of a thick smooth muscle layer with elastic fibers between it.
Tunica adventitia: formed of collagen fibers and small vessels called Vasa vasorum

Question 11

Structure of medium artery

Answer 11

Tunica intima: formed from endothelium and is separated from Tunica media by the internal elastic layer.
Tunica media: a muscular layer of smooth muscle it’s thin and it’s separated from the adventita by the external elastic layer.
Tunica adventita: formed from collagen fibers and support the artery with surrounded structure.

Question 12

Structure of small arteries

Answer 12

Tunica intima: a thin layer made of endothelium.
Tunica media: a layer of smooth muscle arranged into 6 layers.
Tunica adventita: a layer of collagen fibers and is fused with the surrounded structure.
(flow of blood is mainly maintained by these arteries)

Question 13

Capillary

Answer 13

Thin walled vessel which exchanges materials between blood and the tissue.
The blood reaches the capillary through small arteries called prep capillary and leave it through small venules called post venules.

Question 14

Structure of capillary

Answer 14

The walls are thin and formed of endothelium flat cells that rest on the basement membrane.
Small capillaries form most of the body capillaries while large capillaries (sinusoid) which is found in the liver, kidney and bone marrow.

Question 15

Types of capillaries

Answer 15

Continuous capillaries
Fenestrated capillaries
Discontinuous capillaries

Question 16

Continuous capillaries

Answer 16

No opening between the endothelium cells, this type forms most of the body’s capillaries

Question 17

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 17

Openings between the endothelium cells

Question 18

Discontinuous capillaries

Answer 18

Has a discontinued basement membrane, it is found in the liver

Question 19

Arteriovenouse shunt

Answer 19

An abnormal connection between arteries and veins which increases blood flow to the heart and speed up material exchange between the blood and tissue

Question 20

Venous system

Answer 20

Carries deoxygenated bloodto the heart, the blood in the venous system moves by external pressure from muscle contractions, respiration and the valves found in the veins.

Question 21

Small veins

Answer 21

Tunica intima: formed of endothelium
Tunica media: formed of two layers of smooth muscle (it’s very thin)
Tunica adventita: formed of collagen fibers connected with the surrounded structures.

Question 22

Medium veins

Answer 22

It’s formed from a collection of small veins drained into the larger veins.
The structure of medium veins is the same of that of small veins but with a thicker tunic media and contains elastic fibers.

Question 23

Large veins

Answer 23

Formed by the collection of medium veins. The structure is the same of that of medium veins but the Tunica media is thicker and contains collagen fibers and the internal elastic layer may be present.