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Biomechanics > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

Describing Motion

1
Q

Importance of Biomechanics

A
  • helps identify when spine is moving abnormally by knowing how it works normally
  • identifying the force/loads spine has been exposed to through patients
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2
Q

Spinal Motion Segments
Typical Spinal Functional Unit

A
  • C2/C3 to L4/L5
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3
Q

Spinal Motion Segments
Atypicial Spinal joints

A
  • C0/C1
    -C1/C2
    -L5/S1
    -Sacroiliac joint
    -Sacrococygeal joint ( considered apart of the spine.)
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4
Q

What does each spinal motion segemet have

A

Each has a unique
-Appearance
-Facet orientation
-Pattern of motion
-Instantaneous Axis of Rotation (IAR)

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5
Q

How do you describe the movement/postion of a mtoion segement by convention?

A

ALWAYS with respect to the vertebra below. (posterior)

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6
Q

IAR

A

Instantaneous Axes of Rotation

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7
Q

What does IAR mean?

A

When an object moves, the axis around which the movement occurs can change in placement from one instant to another. The IAR is used to denote this point.

So with each movement of flexion, neutral and extension movement the IAR is moving of the head

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8
Q

Describe movement

A

right-handed orthogonal coordinate system - a way to describe movement of the spine

  • human body is 3D function therefore 3 axis in right angled. +x +y & +z
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9
Q

y axis poles

A

superior +
inferior -

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10
Q

x axis

A

left +
right -

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11
Q

z axis

A

anterior +
posterior -

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12
Q

saggital plane

A

Left and right

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13
Q

coronoal

A

anterior
posterior

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14
Q

transverse

A

superior
inferior
medially

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15
Q

Whar forms the y-axis?

A

intersection of sagittal and coronal (frontal) planes

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16
Q

What forms the x- axis

A

Formed by intersection of frontal and transverse planes

17
Q

What forms the z- axis

A

formed by intersection of sagittal and transverse

18
Q

Describe Degrees of Freedom

A

The number of coordinates needed to fully describe the motion of an object

  • motion of rigid body in space = 6 degrees of freedom
    characterised by tranlation along, rotation about and each of the 3 axes - x. y, z
19
Q

Translation

A

movement along an axis
3 degrees of Freedom along an axis
+ and - pole on a particular translation movement

20
Q

Rotation

A

movement around an axis
3 degrees of freedom around an axis
+ and - rotation about an axis that corresponds to a particular rotational movement

21
Q

θ

A

rotation

22
Q

Cervical Curve

A

Anterior convex curve (lordosis) develops in infancy – Infant begins to lift head

23
Q

Thoracic Curve

A
  • Posterior convex curve (kyphosis) present at birth
24
Q

Lumbar Curve

A

Anterior convex curve (lordosis) develops in response to weight bearing –
Influenced by pelvis and lower extremity positioning

25
Q

Sacrococcygeal Curve

A

Posterior convex curve formed from the fused sacral and coccygeal segments

26
Q

Postural Analysis

A

evalutae structure & fuction
doctor from behind (P-A) and laterally

27
Q

Describe Plumb line

A

is typically a straight, vertical line that is aligned with the force of gravity

28
Q

Describe lateral view - postural anaylsis

A

The plumb line should pass through specific landmarks such as the external auditory meatus (ear canal), shoulder joint, hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint

29
Q

Deviations lateral view - postural anaylsis

A

may indicate postural imbalances or abnormalities

30
Q

Describe the Postural Analysis- Frontal view

A

The plumb line can be used to assess any lateral deviations or tilts
- Feet are equidistant from the plumb line
- Feet are parallel
- Through the midline of the body

31
Q

Importance of assessing Postural Analysis- Frontal view

A

This is important for identifying asymmetries or uneven weight distribution

32
Q

Pronation

A

leaning inward - ankles

33
Q

Supination

A

leaning outward

34
Q

Centre of gravity

A

The point around which the entire weight of the body is evenly distributed

35
Q

Where is the centre of gravity in human

A

2 cm anterior to S2 on an upright body on the average male size/weight

EXAM

36
Q

What does Centre of gravity depend on

A

Its dependent upon body build

In women it’s lower due to the wider pelvic girdle and narrower shoulders

Biomechanics (6 decks)

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