Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is the depression between supraciliary arches called?
Glabella
The center of the frontonasal suture formed by the articulation of the nasal bones and the frontal bone is the ____
Nasion
Pterion is formed by the junction between which bones?
The junction between the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and
temporal bones
An injury located at the pterion might torn the ___________, resulting in ___________
anterior division of the middle meningeal artery / Extradural hematoma
The notch located medially in the superior part of the rim of each orbit?
Supra oribtal notch / foramen
the anterior opening of the nasal cavity
Piriform aperture
In which bone is the infra-orbital foramen located?
Body of maxilla
The angle of mandible is a meeting point for ___ and ___
Body and ramus of the mandible
Point of attachment for muscles that depress the lower lip?
Oblique line of mandible
Point of attachment for muscles in the temporal bone?
Mastoid process
The foramen located in the deep medial part of zygomatic bone?
Zygomaticotemporal foramen
The foramen located in the lateral superficial part of zygomatic bone?
Zygomaticofacial foramen
The coronoid process is a point of attachment for ____ muscle
Temporalis
The point of attachment for posterior belly of digastric muscle is called ___
Mastoid notch of temporal bone
Seen from the posterior view
Junction between coronal stuture and sagittal stuture
Bregma
The only foramina visible on the superior part of skull
Paired parietal foramina
An imaging technique used to assess skull fractures in 3 axes “lateral, posteroanterior and Towne’s view”
Radiography (x-ray)
An imaging technique ideally used for head injuries by detecting the brain and its coverings and the blood. And by changing its algorithm bones can be demonstrated.
Cerebral CT
With intravenous contrast, ______ can be used to demonstrate the
position and the size of an intracerebral aneurysm before endovascular treatment.
CT angiography
What is the imaging technique with the highest contrast resolution?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Passageways between the nasal cavity and hard palate
Incisive canals
The lesser palatine foramen is in the ____ of each palatine bone
Pyramidal process
What parts could MRI examine?
The brain and its coverings, cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF), and vertebral column can be easily and quickly examined
Periventricular lesions and carotid stenosis can be assessed by using ______
And MRI angiography can be used to define _______
MRI
completeness of the intracranial vasculature (circle of Willis)
Name two branches of maxillary artery
Middle meningeal artery
Accessory meningeal artery
The structure that passes through foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
The accessory meningeal artery enters the middle cranial fossa through ___
Foramen ovale
Posterior meningeal artery is branch from?
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Posterior meningeal artery enters the cranial fossa through ____
Jugular foramen
Meningeal branches from occipital artery enter the posterior cranial fossa through?
Jugular foramen
The meningeal branch from ascending pharyngeal artery enters the posterior cranial fossa through?
(Branch other than posterior meningeal artery)
Hypoglossal canal
Dura mater is innervated by?
3 Divisions of trigeminal nerve: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3)
Vagus nerve
Cervical nerves 1, 2, 3
Falx cerebri innervation?
2 branches of ophthalmic nerve [V1]
- ethmoidal nerves supplying the floor and anterior part
- meningeal branch supplying the posterior part
Tentorium cerebilli innervation
Meningeal branch from ophthalmic nerve [V1]
Middle cranial fossa innervation
Medially: branches from maxillary nerve [V2]
Laterally: branches from mandibular nerve [V3]
Posterior cranial fossa nerve supply?
Cervical nerves 1, 2, 3
Vagus nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Explain the passageway of CSF?
Lateral ventricles
⬇️ foramina of Monro
Third ventricle
⬇️ aqueduct of sylvius
Fourth ventricle
⬇️ 1) foramen of Magendie OR 2) foramina of Luschka
Subarachnoid space
Most common causes of hydrocephalus in adults?
failure of reabsorption of CSF through the arachnoid granulations
What can we do to prevent severe hydrocephalus?
Placing a catheter in the ventricular system of the brain to relieve the pressure
A cause of ventricular enlargement other than hydrocephalus?
Cerebral atrophy
Congenital cause of hydrocephalus?
Obstruction of aqueduct of sylvius
Possible causes of CSF leakage?
Epidural injection ابرة الظهر
Lumbar spine surgery
CSF aspiration
How would you diagnose a patient that presents with a facial nerve weakness, double vision and a metallic taste in their mouth
CSF leak syndrome
Ecchymoses (bruises) are associated with…
Meningococcal meningitis
You noticed that your patient experiences pain in the back of his neck after straight leg extension, what could this be a sign of?
Meningitis at a later stage
Called Kernigs sign
Whats the most important step when evaluating a brain tumor?
Determination of the structure the tumor arises from
Types of lesions in the brain
Intra axial
Extra axial
Examples of extra axial tumors?
Meningioma
Acoustic neuroma
What are the most common sites of acoustic neuroma?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Cerebellopontine angle
Most common type of intra-axial tumors?
Secondary tumors (metastatic from other sites such as breast or lung cancer)
Where do primary intra-axial tumors arise from?
Oligodendrocytomas, choroid plexus tumors, gliomas,
