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Vertes F&F > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

Seeks to understand broad patterns of evolution by comparing the anatomy of different species

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2
Q

Heterocercal Tail

A

Stops from falling, fish is constantly sinking
Angled, hypothesized oblique axis of bending

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3
Q

Homocercal tail

A

Pushes fish forward
Straight, Hypothesized vertical axis of
bending

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4
Q

Form and function are linked at ____ ____ of biological organization

A

All levels

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5
Q

What are the 10 organ systems

A

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory and reproductive

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6
Q

Ontogeny

A
  • Individual’s growth from birth to death
  • Changes in form & function that occur during an individual’s developmentA
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7
Q

Allometry

A

Differential growth
- ex marsupials (jaws and forelimbs), humans (head)

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8
Q

Heterochrony

A

Changes resulting from timing of embryonic development
- 2 types

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of heterochrony?

A

Pedomorphosis
Peramorphosis

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10
Q

Pedomorphosis

A

Childlike
- rejuvenates structures even as an adult, Keeps childlike structures
- retention of embryonic characters by adults

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11
Q

Peramorphosis

A

Adultlike
- development of new shapes beyond adult form

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12
Q

3 types of growth rate in pedomorphosis

A

Neoteny (Slow Rate)
Progenesis (Late Offset)
Post displacement (Early Onset)

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13
Q

Neoteny

A

Slow rate of development, neoteny or deceleration

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14
Q

Progenesis

A

Early offset, The maturation of gametes in an organism that is still otherwise at the juvenile stage of development
progenesis or hypo morphosis

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15
Q

Post displacement

A

Late onset, delay of development

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16
Q

3 types of growth rate in peramorphosis

A

Acceleration (Fast rate)
Hyper morphosis (Late offset)
Pre displacement (Early Offset)

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17
Q

Acceleration

A

Growth rate is increased

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18
Q

Hyper Morphosis

A

Period of growth in the descendant is extended, Starts late

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19
Q

Pre displacement

A

If the onset of growth occurs earlier in the descendant than in the ancestor, Starts early

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20
Q

Systematics

A

Naming, classifying, relationships between organisms

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21
Q

Phylogenies

A

Relationships

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22
Q

Monophyly vs Paraphyly

A
  • Monophyletic groups are those that include all descendants of a common ancestor
  • Paraphyletic groups include some, but not all descendants of a common ancestor
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23
Q

Monophyletic group is also known as

A

Clade

24
Q

Non-monophyletic group is also known as

A

Paraphyly

25
Q

Homology

A

Phylogenetic similarities = synapomorphies
- Share common ancestor, different appearance
- ex] homology of bones in mammalian forelimbs (humans, cat, whale, bat)

26
Q

Synapomorphies

A

Shared derived character that diagnosis a monophyletic group

27
Q

Analogy

A

Share similar function, different ancestry, common function, different appearance
- ex] analogy in wing evolution

28
Q

Homoplasy

A

Simply look alike, different ancestry, different function, similar appearance
- ex] homoplasy in “sails”

29
Q

Similarity between Analogy & Homology

A

Common Ancestry & Function, Different appearance
** Refer Venn diagram

30
Q

Similarity between Analogy & Homoplasy

A

Common Function & Appearance, Different ancestry

31
Q

Similarity between Homology & Homoplasy

A

Common Ancestry & Appearance, Different function

32
Q

Age of Fish is known as

A

Devonian

33
Q

Age of Reptile is known as

A

Mesozoic

34
Q

Age of mammals is known as

A

Tertiary

35
Q

Gnathostome is known as

A

Jawed vertebrates

36
Q

Agnatha is known as

A

Jawless fish

37
Q

3 eras of Earth

A

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenazoic

38
Q

Anterior end vs Posterior End

A
39
Q

Dorsal side vs Ventral side

A
40
Q

Proximal end

A
41
Q

Lateral side

A
42
Q

Distal end

A
43
Q

Anteroposterior axis

A
44
Q

Dorsoventral axis

A
45
Q

Planes of Section (fish)

A

Frontal side, Sagittal plane, Transverse plane

46
Q

Cranial

A
47
Q

Caudal

A
48
Q

Frontal

A
49
Q

Plantar

A
50
Q

Distal

A
51
Q

Rostral

A
52
Q

Palmar

A
53
Q

Superiori

A
54
Q

Inferior

A
55
Q

No superior or inferior must mean you are not describing what?

A

Not describing a human

Vertes F&F (3 decks)

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