Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is the Apical dendrite?
It is the Dendrite that connects the soma (Cell body) to the synapses.
What is the cell body also called?
SOMA
The neuronal cell body is the ______ as other cells.
SAME, in the terms of components and structure.
What is the “epithelial blueprint” of neurons?
- Cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
- Cytoplasm: Cystol(incl. cytoskeletal matrix) and membranous organelles.
What is the discription and function of Cytoskeleton?
D: Network of protein filaments
F: Structural support; cell movement
What is the discription and function of Plasma membranes?
D: Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins
F: Regulates what passes into and out of cell; cell-to-cell recognition
What is the discription and function of Endoplasmic reticulum?
D: Network of internal membranes
F: Forms compartments and vesicles; participates in protein and lipid synthesis
What is the discription and function of the Nucleus?
D: Structure (usually spherical) surrounded by double membrane that contains chromosomes
F: Control center of cell; directs protein synthesis and cell reproduction
What is the discription and function of the Golgi Apparatus?
D: Stacks of flattened vesicles
F: Packages proteins for export from cell; form secretory vesicles
What is the discription and function of Lysosomes?
D: Vesicles derived from Golgi apparatus that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes
F: Digest worn out organelles and cell debris; play a role in cell death
What is the discription and function of Microbodies?
D: Vesicles formed from incorporation of lipids and proteins containing oxidative and other enzymes
F: Isolate particular chemical activities from rest of cells
What is the discription and function of Mitochondria?
D: Bacteria like elements with double membrane
F: “power plants” of the cell; sites of oxidative metabolism
What is the discription and function of Chromosomes?
D: Long threads of DNA hat form a complex with protein
F: Contain hereditary information
What is the discription and function of Nucleolus?
D: Site of genes for rRNA synthesis
F: Assembles ribosomes
What is the discription and function of Ribosomes?
D: small, complex assemblies of protein and RNA, often bound to endoplasmic reticulum
F: Sites of protein synthesis
What are membranous organelles of eukaryotic cells?
Plasma membrane, Rough endoplasmic reticulum(Ribosomes), Golgi apparatus, Mitochondrion, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Lysosome, Nucleus(Nucleolus),
The cell’s nucleus contain’s the cell’s ______ and serves a _____ center.
genome and serves as a control center
What cell organelle contains the nucleolus and chromosomes, which are necessary for the production of proteins within the cell.
Nucleus
What is coded into strands of DNA from which the chromosomes are made?
Genetic information in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
What does the nucleolus produce?
Ribosomes
What are the subunits of chromosomes?
Genes
What induces the production of mRNA?
Genes
What is mRNA when activated?
mRNA when activated, is a duplicate of the information contained in the gene (“transcription”)
What happens during DNA transcription?
DNA becomes RNA, through using RNA polymerase
What happens during Translation?
mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosomes, serving as a template for the production of a protein.
Model organisms in Neuroscience: Does the number of genes in an organism’s genome correlate with cellular or organismal complexity?
No does not, much genetic activity is dependent on transcription factors that regulate when and to what degree a given gene is expressed.
What is genetic factors dependent on ?
On transcription factors that regulate when and to what degree a given gene is expressed.
_____ is used to make RNA through RNA polymerase, which is in turn used to make _____.
DNA; proteins
