Lecture 1

Question 1

Behaviorism

1. involves highly controlled experiments.
2. rejects subjective work on mental functions.
3. matches objective external stimuli to measurable behavior.
4. led to the discovery of operant conditioning.
5. All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

According to Miller’s view of memory, which of the following is true?

1. Perceptual judgments can represent up to 20 bits of memory.
2. Memory processes recode complex stimuli into smaller units for cognitive processing.
3. Memory is a passive representation of sensory stimuli.
4. Behavior based on memory does not have to be explained in terms of underlying processes.
5. Rewards make it more likely that subjects will better remember the behavior just prior to receiving the reward.

Answer 2

Memory processes recode complex stimuli into smaller units for cognitive processing.

Question 3

Who used human language as an argument that behaviorism could never explain the structural and generative properties of mental phenomena?
1. B. F. Skinner
2. George Miller
3. Noam Chomsky
4. John Watson
5. William James

Answer 3

Noam Chomsky

Question 4

Cognitive models
1. explain brain-behavior relationships based strictly on input-output relationships.
2. unify research on mental processes based on specific experimental approaches.
3. differ from stimulus-response models by predicting that sensory input leads to some behavioral output.
4. suggest that psychological processes and internal states are based on factors extrinsic to a specific experiment.
5. suggest that internal mechanisms are not necessary for understanding behavior.

Answer 4

suggest that psychological processes and internal states are based on factors extrinsic to a specific experiment.

Question 5

Psychological constructs

1. help explain diverse phenomena without reference to their ultimate causes in the brain.
2. are elements of cognitive models.
3. can spark new and unexpected research directions.
4. can lead to progress with gradual refinement and careful experimentation.
5. All of the above

Answer 5

All of the above

Question 6

Neuroscience is concerned with

1. the organization and function of animal and human nervous systems.
2. only the nervous systems of simple animal models.
3. proving phrenology correct.
4. dismissing the localization of function in the brain.
5. the psychic “spirits” hypothesized by Descartes

Answer 6

the organization and function of animal and human nervous systems.

Question 7

Which of the following turned out to be a correct idea from phrenology?

1. The cerebral cortex can be mapped by bumps on the skull.
2. Skull measurements have direct relationships to underlying brain structure and function.
3. Different parts of the brain contribute to different sorts of information processing.
4. Phrenology is accepted as a medical practice today.
5. The function of the cerebral cortex coincides with the relative size of skull contours

Answer 7

Different parts of the brain contribute to different sorts of information processing.

Question 8

Neural signals are:

1. transmitted from the neuronal cell body to other neurons via dendrites.
2. received by dendrites from other neurons.
3. conducted from the axon to the neuronal cell body.
4. electrical signals that are only found in dendrites.
5. neurotransmitters that diffuse down axons and continue as electrical synapses across synapses.

Answer 8

received by dendrites from other neurons.

Question 9

Action potentials are
1. neurotransmitters that cross the synapse.
2. used mostly to transmit information between neurons.
3. signals that normally travel from the cell body to the dendrites.
4. signals transmitted long distances along neuronal axons.
5. electrical signals that are too small to measure.

Answer 9

signals transmitted long distances along neuronal axons.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about synapses?

1. Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft of synapses.
2. The terminals of neuronal axons release neurotransmitters at synapses.
3. Neurotransmitters bind to receptor molecules on target neurons.
4. Synapses form inputs onto the dendrites of neurons.
5. All of the above

Answer 10

All of the above

Question 11

Which is true of the somatosensory cortex?

1. Each part of the body is equally represented across its surface.
2. Penfield used weak electrical currents on its surface to elucidate a sensory map of the body.
3. Stimulation of its surface results in movement of a specific part of the body.
4. Sherrington was the first to map the somatosensory cortex.
5. A motor homunculus is represented on the somatosensory cortex.

Answer 11

Penfield used weak electrical currents on its surface to elucidate a sensory map of the body.

Question 12

Cognitive neuroscience
1. is driven primarily by the search for neuronal correlates of cognition.
2. is studied mostly by using an MRI scanner to understand cognitive functions.
3. attempts to create biologically grounded models of cognitive function.
4. closely resembles behaviorism in its approach to understanding behavior and cognition.
5. relies mostly on the study of brain anatomy.

Answer 12

attempts to create biologically grounded models of cognitive function.

Question 13

The approach of combining results from multiple experimental paradigms to understand a single theoretical concept is called
1. Convergence
2. Complementarity
3. Social Cognition
4. Electroencephalography
5. Phrenology

Answer 13

Convergence

Question 14

Cognitive neuroscientists benefit from

1. using different experimental methods to arrive at the same conclusion.
2. different techniques for understanding brain function.
3. meta-analysis techniques.
4. using human and animal subjects.
5. All of the above

Answer 14

All of the above