Lecture 1

Question 1

Algae

Answer 1

Part of Eukarya, use chloroplasts, can have cilia.

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

Virus that infects and replicates inside bacteria and archaea. Different bacteriophage are needed for different bacteria and archaea.

Question 3

Endomembrane system

Answer 3

Separates the cell into different components, or organelles, such as nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.

Question 4

Endospore cortex

Answer 4

A very thick layer of peptidoglycan beneath the endospore membrane. Maintains dormancy, core dehydration, and heat resistance.

Question 5

Kingdom-specific infection

Answer 5

Viruses do not cross kingdom lines. Viruses that infect animals only infect animals, viruses that infect bacteria only infect bacteria.

Question 6

Peptidoglycan

Answer 6

The cell wall of prokaryotes are made out of peptidoglycan

Question 7

Protozoa

Answer 7

Apart of Eukarya, single celled, endocytosis for feeding, can have cilia.

Endocytosis:
substances are brought into the cell while being surrounded by cell membrane.

Question 8

Virus

Answer 8

non-living (no metabolism), nucleic acid + protein coat, (some also have a lipid coat).

Question 9

Archaea

Answer 9

Prokaryotes, may have extreme life spans

Question 10

Endospore

Answer 10

Structures formed inside bacteria cells that ensure its survival in harsh conditions such as nutrient deficiency and over population.

Question 10

Biogenesis

Answer 10

All living matter arises from other living matter

Question 11

Endospore core

Answer 11

exists in a very dehydrated state and houses the cells DNA, ribosomes, and large amounts of dipicolinic acid.

Question 12

Membrane-bound organelle

Answer 12

An organelle that is surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer.

Question 13

Prion

Answer 13

Infectious Proteins (no nucleic acids).

Question 14

Spontaneous generation

Answer 14

The production of life from non living matter (disproved by Louis Pasteur).

Question 15

Bacteria

Answer 15

Prokaryote, cell wall with peptidoglycan. Also binary fission.

Question 16

Cytoskeleton

Answer 16

helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization.

Question 17

Endospore coat

Answer 17

The proteinaceous coat surrounding the endospore, provided chemical and enzymatic resistance.

Question 18

Eukarya

Answer 18

Algae, Fungi, Protozoa, Has membrane bound organelles, a nucleus, and reproduce with mitosis.

Question 19

Pasteurization

Answer 19

Food processing that involves adding mild heat to extend a foods shelf life

Question 20

Prokarya

Answer 20

bacteria, archaea. Lacks membrane bound organelles, and a nucleus.

Question 21

Viroid

Answer 21

Infectious RNA (no protein)