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Sheep + Goat > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Group of sheep

A

Flock

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2
Q

Intact male sheep >1 yr

A

Ram

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3
Q

Female sheep >1 yr

A

Ewe

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4
Q

Castrated male sheep or goat

A

Wether

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5
Q

Sheep offspring

A

Lamb

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6
Q

Male sheep <1 yr

A

Ram Lamb

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7
Q

Female before 1st lamb or <1 yr

A

Ewe Lamb

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8
Q

When does a ewe lamb become a ewe?

A

When she has her first lamb or turns 1 yr old (whichever comes first)

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9
Q

When does a ewe have her first lambing event?

A

Usually less than 1 yr

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10
Q

Hogget

A

Ewe lamb

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11
Q

Where is the term Hogget used

A

NZ, Aus, UK

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12
Q

Group of goats

A

Herd or trip

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13
Q

Intact male goat >1 yr

A

Buck

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14
Q

Male goat <1 yr

A

Buckling

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15
Q

Female goat >1 yr

A

Doe

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16
Q

Female goat <1 yr

A

Doeling

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17
Q

Goal offspring

A

Kids

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18
Q

Billy and Nanny Goat

A

No

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19
Q

Sheep chromosomes #

A

54

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20
Q

Sheep gestation length

A

147 days

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21
Q

Sheep avg birth weight

A

2.5-6 kg

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22
Q

Sheep wean age

A

42-120 days

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23
Q

Sheep wean wight

A

15-30 Kg

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24
Q

Goat chromosome #

A

60

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25
Q

Goat gestation length

A

150 days

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26
Q

Goat birth weight

A

2.7-4 kg

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27
Q

Goat age at weaning

A

90-120 days

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28
Q

Goat weaning weight

A

16-27 kg

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29
Q

Breed of sheep or goat changes…

A

Gestation length
Birth weight
Weaning age and weight

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30
Q

Birth weight and weaning weight are heavily influenced by…

A

Offspring #
(single, twin, etc)

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31
Q

Weaning weight is mainly influenced by…

A

Operation management (feed, care,etc)

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32
Q

Horn presence difference

A

Sheep = polled
Goat = horned

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33
Q

Horn position difference

A

Sheep = side and coiled
Goat = top (closer) up and back

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34
Q

Tails difference

A

Sheep = long tail
Goat = short upturned

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35
Q

Beards difference

A

Sheep = none
Goat = present

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36
Q

Face shape difference

A

Sheep = round
Goat = narrow

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37
Q

Body shape difference

A

Sheep = stocky
Goat = more lanky

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38
Q

Coat difference

A

Sheep = wool
Goat = hair

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39
Q

Goat horn removal

A

Disbud pre 21 days (COP)
Safety and management

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40
Q

Horn purpose

A

1 Protect the skull (butting)
2 Heat regulators

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41
Q

Polled goats

A

Dominant mutation linked to abnormal sexual development

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42
Q

Horned goats

A

Wildtype, recessive linked to normal sexual development

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43
Q

Polled intersex syndrome (goats)

A

PP genes associated with fertility problems in female goats

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44
Q

Genetically Female PP goats

A

Don’t fully develop into male or female because of homozygous polled mutation

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45
Q

Homozygous polled goats

A

AVOID - Breed polled to horned

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46
Q

Genetically male PP goats

A

sterile

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47
Q

What is unique about sheep and goat eyes

A

They have an elongated pupil

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48
Q

How far around themselves can a sheep or goat see

A

330 degrees

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49
Q

What is the importance of specialized eyes?

A

Seeing predators
They are prey animals

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50
Q

Where is a sheep or goats blindspot

A

30 degrees directly behind them

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51
Q

Dentition in sheep and goats

A

is the same

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52
Q

Where are there teeth missing

A

front upper jaw
hard dental pad to chew against

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53
Q

Are teeth missing at birth

A

yes, until about 1 week of age

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54
Q

Which teeth are used to age animals

A

the front 8 on the bottom jaw

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55
Q

How many molars are there

A

24 (6 per side, top and bottom)

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56
Q

How are animals aged when they are past the 8 tooth stage

A

based on BCS and teeth ware

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57
Q

When is meat considered old according to dentition (mutton not lamb)

A

after the 2 tooth stage

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58
Q

Lambs teeth stage

A

Birth to 12 mo
8 milk teeth on bottom

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59
Q

2 tooth stage

A

12-19 mo
2 incisors, 6 milk teeth on bottom

60
Q

4 tooth stage

A

18-24 mo
4 incisors, 4 milk teeth

61
Q

6 tooth stage

A

23-36 months
6 incisors, 2 milk teeth

62
Q

8 tooth stage

A

24-48 mo
8 incisors

63
Q

How are milk teeth replaced by incisors

A

middle to outside

64
Q

What kind of hoof do sheep and goats have

A

Cloven (split)
with 2 dew claws

65
Q

What components make up the hoof

A

Tough sole (middle)
Hard nail (covering)

66
Q

What is special about goat hooves

A

They can clamp to grab rock and spread to steady themselves

67
Q

What should be considered when penning goats

A

They can climb, pens may need lids

68
Q

Sheep and goat kingdom

A

Animalia

69
Q

Sheep and goat Phylum

A

Chordata

70
Q

Sheep and goat class

A

Mammalia

71
Q

Sheep and goat super order

A

ungulatea

72
Q

Sheep and goat order

A

Artiodactyla

73
Q

Sheep and goat suborder

A

Ruminantia

74
Q

Sheep and goat Family

A

Bovidae

75
Q

Sheep and goat Subfamily

A

Caprinae

76
Q

Sheep genus

A

Ovis

77
Q

Domestic Sheep Species

A

Aries

78
Q

Goat genus

A

Capra

79
Q

Domestic Goat species

A

aegagrus

80
Q

Goat subspecies

A

Hircus

81
Q

Other Sheep species

A

Muflon
Bighorn
Dall

82
Q

Main ancestor of Domestic sheep

A

Muflon

83
Q

Muflon species

A

musimom

84
Q

Bighorn species

A

Canadensis

85
Q

Dall sheep species

A

????

86
Q

Mountain Sheep

A

Bighorn and Dall

87
Q

Other Goat species

A

Bezoar
West Caucasian tur
Nubian Ibex

88
Q

Main Ancestor of domestic goats

A

Bezoar

89
Q

Goat antelope

A

Related, but not true goats
Antelope horns (up not back)
4 teats not 2

90
Q

Species of goat antelope

A

Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra)
NA Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus)

91
Q

NA mountain goat traits

A

Goat antelope ancestor
Migrated from Siberia in ice age
Lives on steep cliffs
Has short Horns
Molts

92
Q

Goat sheep species

A

Bharal or Blue Sheep (pseudois)

93
Q

Goat sheep characteristics

A

54 chromosomes
All other traits like goats

94
Q

Domestication

A

11000 yrs ago
Fertile crescent (SW Asia)

95
Q

Original use of Sheep and Goats

A

Food and Hides
Not wool

96
Q

What trait was selected for 5-6000 yrs ago

A

Wool (coat quality)

97
Q

Pre Domestication how were sheep and goats different

A

They weren’t
Differentiation happened post-domestication

98
Q

What lead to the rapid change in traits of sheep and goats

A

Their fast reproduction rate

99
Q

Traits resulting in domestication

A

Herd animals
Fast reproducing
Adaptable to captivity
Self sufficient young

100
Q

How were sheep and goats adaptable to captivity?

A

Bondability with humans
Follow leaders (low stress)

101
Q

Domestication changed X traits in sheep and goats

A

Smaller body and horn size
Polled versions
Colour variation

102
Q

Domestication changed X traits in Sheep

A

Tail development
Fleece/wool developed separate from hair
Stopped molting their wool

103
Q

Domestication changed X in goats

A

Horn Curve became more blunt

104
Q

Sheep population in Canada

A

Fairly steady after drop post WWII

105
Q

Goat population in Canada

A

Steady increase since the 1990’s

106
Q

Reasons for raising sheep

A

Meat, wool and pelts, milk, vegetation control, Pets/hobby

107
Q

Benefits to sheep grazing

A

They fit more places (under solar pannels)

108
Q

Meat from sheep

A

Lamb (pre 8 tooth stage/2 yr)
Mutton (post 2 yr)

109
Q

Difference b/w lamb and mutton

A

Age (2 yr)
Prep methods (mutton more seasoned)
Location (lamb more western)

110
Q

Sheep milk production for…

A

Home consumption (asia and africa)
Major product (Mediterranean)
Cheese

111
Q

Sheep cheese types

A

Feta (greek)
Pecorino (ittalian)
Manchego (spanish)
Roquefort (french)

112
Q

How frequently do sheep need sheering

A

1x/yr

113
Q

How is sheep wool classed

A

Fibre diameter (fine, med., course)

114
Q

Is sheep wool production increasing

A

No
Replaced by synthetic fibers
May increase with interest in renewable resoures

115
Q

Wool colour

A

Darker not as easy to dye, less desired

116
Q

Wool Benefits

A

flame resistant
Warm even when wet
Hypoallergenic

117
Q

Sheep coat composition

A

Hair and wool
Most hair = shed
Most wool = need sheering

118
Q

How can sheep pelts be marketed

A

As Shearling or Napa leather

119
Q

Shearling

A

Sheep pelt with wool still on

120
Q

What is shearling used for

A

Rugs, Clothing, Footwear, Medical Sheepskins

121
Q

Napa Leather

A

Sheep pelt with wool removed

122
Q

Specialized pelt sheep

A

Young lambs have silky patterned hide used for persian lambskin hats

123
Q

Specialized pelt sheep breeds

A

Karakul and Astrakhan

124
Q

Sheep Meat breeds

A

Suffolk, Hampshire, Canadian Arcott, Dorset

125
Q

Sheep Milk breeds

A

East Friesian

126
Q

Sheep Wool breeds

A

Merino

127
Q

Sheep Dual purpose (meat and wool)

A

Rambouillet, Romney, Columbia, Polypay

128
Q

Sheep Dual purpose (meat and milk)

A

Rideau Arcott, Awassi

129
Q

Sheep breeds with highest lambing percentage

A

Rideau arcott and Romanov

130
Q

Reasons for raising goats

A

Meat, Fibre, Milk, Hides, Horns, Labor, Vegetation Control, Pets/hobby

131
Q

What breed of sheep needs shearing 2x/yr

A

Valais Blacknose

132
Q

Meat produced by goats

A

Chevon

133
Q

Goat meat demand in Canada

A

Increasing due to population changes (immigration)

134
Q

Are there religious restrictions on Goat or sheep meat

A

Sheep = yes
Goat = No

135
Q

Meat from milk fed goats (4-8 wks)

A

Cabrito

136
Q

Goat milk uses

A

cheese, yogurt, butter, ice cream, soap

137
Q

Goat milk qualities (compared to cows)

A

Higher protein
Lower calories, fat and cholesterol

138
Q

Goat milk digestion

A

Fat particle or AA size?? allows lactose intolerant people to consume it

139
Q

Goat Fiber compared to sheep wool

A

Softer
Considered a luxury textile

140
Q

Fiber produced by angora goats

A

Mohair

141
Q

Mohair (angora goats) compared to sheeps wool

A

Doesn’t felt
Elastic
Used for clothing and blankets

142
Q

Types of fiber from goats

A

Mohair and Cashmere

143
Q

Cashmere fiber compared to sheeps wool

A

Not as warm
Used for clothing

144
Q

How are goat horns used

A

pet treats and decoration

145
Q

Common goat hobby use

A

goat yoga

Sheep + Goat (2 decks)

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