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L&D > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pre-embryonic stage

A

secondary oocyte–> sperm cells–> fertilization–> second polar body –> zygote–> cleavage from 2 celled to 8 celled (this is at hour 30) –> morula (hour 72) –> blastocyst –> implanted blastocyst (day 6)

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2
Q

zygote

A

the moment the ovum is fertilized and has chromosomes from the mother and father

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3
Q

After zygote stage

A

cell division then mitosis and during this it is travelling down fallopian tube to uterus
* hour 72 is morula

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4
Q

between day 6 and 10

cells of pre-embryonic stage

A

blastocyst implants to uterus

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5
Q

placental cells

A

outer cells of blastocyst called trophoblast

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6
Q

embryo cells

A

inner cells of blastocyst

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7
Q

function of progesterone in pre-embryonic stage

A

allows for strong blastocyst implantation and more vascular endometrial lining

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8
Q

embryonic stage

A

10-12 days after fertilization until 8 weeks
- organogenesis occurs (formation of organs)

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9
Q

First system created in embryo stage

A

cardiovascular

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10
Q

embryonic period

A

organ development, abortion is common at this point, highly susceptible to teratogens

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11
Q

fetal stage

A

11 weeks gestation to birth
- officially a fetus

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12
Q

week 3 organ

A

heart and CNS

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13
Q

week 4-5 organ

A

eyes, arms, legs

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14
Q

week 6 organ

A

teeth and ears

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15
Q

week 7 organ

A

palate

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16
Q

week 8-9 organ

A

external genitals

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17
Q

week 9-16 organ

A

brain

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18
Q

placental development

occurs when

A

occurs with first contact of outer shell of developing blastocyst with the uterine mucosa

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19
Q

3 functions of placenta

A

circulation, protection, hormone production

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20
Q

Hcg

production location and what it is

A

produced by placenta; value looked at in pregnancy test

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21
Q

estrogen

purpose for pregnancy

A

allows for growth of uterus and growth and development of mammary glands for breastfeeding

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22
Q

fetal circulation

pathway

A

placenta accepts deoxygenated blood via umbilical arteries then blood flowing through placenta picks up oxygen and is brought to fetus via umbilical vein then to the liver then to right side of heart

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23
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

hole between right and left atrium that allows oxygen rich blood to go from right to left atrium –> ventricle –> then aorta

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24
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

sends oxygen poor blood to organs in lower half of fetal body

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25
Q

prenatal care during first trimester

A

1-2 visits
- bloodwork, assessment, dating ultrasound

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26
Q

prenatal care during second trimester

A

3-4 visits
- ongoing assessments, fetal assessment, anatomy ultrasound at week 18/20, GDM

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27
Q

prenatal care during third trimester

A

3-5 vitis
- maternal and fetal assessments, GBS swab at 35 weeks

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28
Q

fundal height measurement

A

should be correlated to weeks of gestation with 2 cm leniency

29
Q

Leopold maneuver

what does it determine and what needs to be done immediately before

A

fetal lie, presentation, attitude, position
- important to empty bladder first

30
Q

first maneuver of leopold

determines what

A

determines where fetal head and bum are

31
Q

2nd leopold maneuver

determines what

A

determines where fetal back is (where doppler goes)

32
Q

3rd leopold maneuver

determines what

A

determines how low the baby is
- station

33
Q

4th leopold maneuver

determines what

A

determines degree of fetal extension into pelvis

34
Q

healthy pre-pregnancy weight

A

BMI 18.5-24.9

35
Q

recommended weight gain for healthy BMI

A

11.5kg-16kg (25-35lb)

36
Q

weight gain for BMI less than 18.5

A

12.5-18kg (28-40lb)

37
Q

weight gain for BMI of 25.0-29.9

A

7-11.5kg (15-25lb)

38
Q

weight gain for BMI 30 or over

A

5-9kg (11-20lb)

39
Q

recommended fetal movement in 2 hours

A

6 movements
- should be laying on side or sitting when assessing

40
Q

Nonstress test

A

woman pushes button every time she feels baby move
- baby HR is compared during movement and contractions; should increase when it moves

41
Q

variability of HR determines..

A

normal pH

42
Q

decelerations of HR determines..

A

O2 levels/deprivation

43
Q

contractions indicate what for fetus

A

may be cause of O2 deprivation

44
Q

accelerations of HR is what in terms of pH..

A

a marker of normal pH

45
Q

baseline fetal HR

A

110-160

46
Q

moderate variability in HR

A

5-25bpm
- this is ok

47
Q

absent variability

A

0-1bpm

48
Q

minimal variability

A

less than 5bpm

49
Q

marked variability

A

greater than 26 bpm
- could be due to hypoxia or cord compression

50
Q

accelerations

A

normal; result of fetal movement
- should be 15x15 and subside in 2 min

51
Q

early decelerations

A

occurs early in contraction
- could be due to head compression
- lowest point of decel is at highest point of contraction

52
Q

late decelerations

A

occurs after onset of contraction and reflects shape of contraction
- could be due to placental insufficiency
- starts to dip down when contractions has already been occuring

53
Q

variable deceleration

A

onset varies in timing with onset of contraction
- abrupt drop
- could be due to cord compression

54
Q

clamping of the umbilical cord at birth

A

it is done to stimulate baby’s lungs to start working because CO2 goes up when it is clamped

55
Q

initial newborn assessment 3 points

A

done within first few minutes of birth, determines need for resuscitation, delayed cord clamping 60 seconds

56
Q

Appearance (APGAR)

A

if pink - 2
if blue extremities- 1
if pale or blue- 0

57
Q

Pulse (APGAR)

A

greater than 100- 2
less than 100- 1
no pulse- 0

58
Q

Grimace (APGAR)

A

cries/pulls away- 2
grimace/weak cry- 1
no response- 0

59
Q

Activity (APGAR)

A

active- 2
flexed arms/legs- 1
no movement- 0

60
Q

Respiration (APGAR)

A

strong cry- 2
slow/irregular- 1
no breathing- 0

61
Q

baseline respirations

A

30-60

62
Q

baseline temperature

A

36.5-37.2

63
Q

conduction as a mechanism for heat loss

A

transfer of heat by direct contact
- prewarmed surface or skin to skin

64
Q

convection as a mechanism for heat loss

A

cool air in the hospital
- putting blankets on baby

65
Q

evaporation as a mechanism for heat loss

A

drying baby body to ensure not heat is lost to cool/wet secretions

66
Q

radiation as a mechanism for heat loss

A

don’t put baby by cold window

67
Q

Vitamin K prophylaxis

purpose and what it prevcents

A

given because neonates lack intestinal flora to make vitamin
- prevents hemorrhagic disease of newborn

68
Q

umbilical cord consists of..

A

2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein

L&D (7 decks)

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