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STEEL DESIGN > LECTURE 1 > Flashcards

LECTURE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

They decide how the building should look.

A

Architect

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2
Q

They make sure the building doesn’t fall

A

Engineer

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3
Q

Collaborate throughout the design process to complete the project in an efficient manner

A

Engineer and Architect

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4
Q

Roles of an Architect

A

Overall proportions and dimensions of the supporting framework

Number of Stories

Floor plan

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5
Q

Roles of the Engineer

A

Selection of the cross-sections of individual members

Serviceability

Economy

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6
Q

Advantages of Steel over Reinforced Concrete

A

High Strength

Uniformity

Elasticity

Permanence

Ductility

Toughness

Addition to Existing Structures

Adaptation to Prefabrication

Speed of Erection

Ability to be Rolled into a Wide Variety of Sizes and Shapes

Scrap Value

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7
Q

It means that the weight of structures will be small. This fact is of great importance for long-span bridges, tall buildings, and structures situated on poor foundations.

A

High Strength

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8
Q

The properties of steel do not change appreciably with time, as do those of a reinforced-concrete structure.

A

Uniformity

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9
Q

Steel behaves closer to design assumptions than most materials because it follows Hooke’s law up to high stresses. The moments of inertia of a steel structure can be accurately calculated, while the values obtained for a reinforced-concrete structure are rather indefinite.

A

Elasticity

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10
Q

Steel frames that are properly maintained will last indefinitely. Research on some of the newer steels indicates that under certain conditions no painting maintenance whatsoever will be required.

A

Permanence

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11
Q

The property of a material by which it can withstand extensive deformation without failure under high tensilestresses is ______

A

Ductility

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12
Q

Structural have both strength and ductility. A steel member loaded until it has large deformations will still be able to withstand large forces.

A

Toughness

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13
Q

This is a very important characteristic, because it means that steel members can be subjected to large deformations during fabrication and erection without fracture—thus allowing them to be bent, hammered, and sheared, and to have holes punched in them without visible damage.

A

Toughness

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14
Q

The abilityof a material to absorb energy in large amounts is called ____

A

toughness

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15
Q

Steel structures are quite well suited to having additions made to them. New bays or even entire new wings can be added to existing steel frame buildings, and steel bridges may often be widened.

A

Addition of Existing Structures

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16
Q

Disadvantages of Steel over Reinforced-Concrete

A

Corrosion
Fireproofing Cost
Susceptibility to Buckling
Fatigue
Brittle Fracture

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17
Q

Most steels are susceptible to ___________ when freely exposed to air and water, and therefore must be painted periodically. The use of weathering steels, however, in suitable applications tends to eliminate this cost.

A

Corrosion

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18
Q

Although structural members are incombustible, their strength is tremendously reduced at temperatures commonly reached in fires when the other materials in a building burn.

A

Fireproofing Cost

19
Q

As the length and slenderness of a compression member is increased, its danger of __________ increases.

A

Buckling

20
Q

For most structures, the use of steel columns is very economical because of their high _______________. Occasionally, however, some additional steel is needed to stiffen them so they will not buckle. This tends to reduce their economy.

A

strength-weight ratio

21
Q

Another undesirable property of steel is that its strength may be reduced if it is subjected to a large number of stress reversals or even to a large number of variations of tensilestress.

A

Fatigue

22
Q

Under certain conditions steel may lose its ductility, and brittle fracture may occur at places of stressconcentration. Fatigue-type loadings and very low temperatures aggravate the situation. Triaxial stress conditions can also lead to brittlefracture.

A

Brittle Fracture

23
Q

largest stress for which Hooke’s Law applies, or the highest point on the linear portion of the stress-strain diagram

A

Proportional Limit

24
Q

Properties of Steel

A

Proportional Limit
Elastic Limit
Yield Stress
Elastic Strain
Plastic Strain
Strain Hardening

25
Q

the stress at which there is a significant increase in the elongation, or strain, without a corresponding increase in stress

A

Yield Stress

26
Q

largest stress that a material can
withstand without being permanently deformed

A

Elastic Limit

27
Q

strain that occurs before the yield stress

A

Elastic Strain

28
Q

strain that occurs after the yield stress
with no increase in stress

A

Plastic Strain

29
Q

range in which additional stress is
necessary to produce additional strain

A

Strain Hardening

30
Q

Steel strength increase; what decreases?

A

Ductility

31
Q

Types of Steel

A

Carbon Steels

High-strength Low-Alloy Steels

Atmospheric-corrosion-resistant-high-strength-low-alloy structural steels

Quenched and Tempred Alloy Steels

32
Q

Carbon content of Carbon steels
1. Low Carbon
2. Mid Carbon
3. Medium-Carbon Steel
4. High-Carbon Steel

A
  1. <0.15 %
  2. 0.15% to 0.29%
  3. 0.30% to 0.59%
  4. 0.60% to 1.70%
33
Q

In addition to containing carbon and manganese, these steels owe their higher strengths and other properties to the addition of one or more alloying agents such as columbium, vanadium, chromium, silicon, copper and nickel.

A

High-strength Low-alloy steels

34
Q

have yield stresses from 480 MPa to 840 MPa.

A

High-strength Low-alloy steels

35
Q

When steels are alloyed with small percentages of copper, they
become more corrosion resistant. When exposed to the atmosphere,
the surfaces of these steel oxidize and form a very tightly adherent
film (a tightly bound patina or a crust of rust), which prevents
further oxidizing

A

ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION-RESISTANT HIGH-STRENGTH LOWALLOY STRUCTURAL STEELS

36
Q

not satisfactory if frequently subjected to saltwater sprays or fogs, or continually submerged in water or the ground, or where there are severe corrosiveindustrial fumes, very dry areas.

A

ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION-RESISTANT HIGH-STRENGTH LOWALLOY STRUCTURAL STEELS

37
Q

have yield stresses of 480 MPa to 690 MPa.

A

QUENCHED AND
TEMPERED ALLOY
STEELS

38
Q

These steels of higher strength are obtained by heat treating low-alloy steels.

The heat treatment consists of quenching (rapid cooling) and tempering (reheating).

A

QUENCHED AND
TEMPERED ALLOY
STEELS

39
Q

USES OF
HIGH STRENGTH STEEL

A
  1. Superior corrosion resistance
  2. Possible savings in shipping, erection, and foundation costs caused by weight saving.
  3. Use of shallower beams, permitting smaller floor depths.
  4. Possible savings in fireproofing because smaller members can be used.
40
Q

ASTM DESIGNATIONS:
Carbon Steels

A

A36, A53, A500, A501, A529

41
Q

ASTM DESIGNATIONS:
High-Strength Low Alloy Steels

A

A572, A618, A913, A992

42
Q

ASTM DESIGNATIONS:
Corrosion-Resistant High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel

A

A242, A588, A847

43
Q

Governing Bodies/ Agencies / Reference

A
  1. ACI - American Concrete Institute
  2. ASCE - American Society of Civil Engineers
  3. AISC - American Institute of Steel Construction
  4. AWS - American Welding Society
  5. RCSC - Research Council on Structural Connection
    6, ASTM International
  6. ASME
  7. NSCP 2015
44
Q

Types of Steel Sections

A

Built-up Shapes
Cold-Formed Plate Shapes
COLD-FORMED LIGHT GAGE SHAPES
Rolled Shapes
Metal Decks

STEEL DESIGN (3 decks)

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