Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

can be defined as the
science of energy.

A

Thermodynamics

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2
Q

can be viewed as the ability to
cause changes

A

Energy

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3
Q

during an interaction, energy
can change from one form to
another but the total amount of
energy remains constant. That
is, energy cannot be created
or destroyed.

A

Conservation of Energy
Principle

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4
Q

asserts that energy has quality as well as
quantity, and actual processes occur in
the direction of decreasing quality of
energy.

A

second law of thermodynamics

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5
Q

study of thermodynamics that* does not require a
knowledge* of the behavior of individual
particles

A

classical thermodynamics

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6
Q

based on the average behavior of large groups of
individual particles

A

statistical thermodynamics

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7
Q

Any physical quantity can be
characterized by ____________

A

dimensions

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8
Q

The magnitudes assigned to the
dimensions are called __________

A

units

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9
Q

basic dimensions such as mass m,
length L, time t, and temperature T

A

primary or fundamental dimensions

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10
Q

expressed in terms of the primary dimensions ex. velocity, energy, volume

A

secondary dimensions or derived
dimensions

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11
Q

which is also known as the United States Customary System (USCS)

A

English system

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12
Q

(from Le Système International d’
Unités) also known as the International
System

A

metric SI

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13
Q

The unit for time rate of energy is joule per second (J/s), which is called a

A

watt (W).

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14
Q

In the case of work, the time rate
of energy is called

A

power

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15
Q

In engineering, all equations must be _________________. That is, every term in an equation must have the same unit. If, at some stage of an analysis, we find ourselves in a position to add two quantities that have different units, it is a clear indication that we have made an error at an earlier stage

A

Dimensional Homogeneity

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16
Q

is defined as a quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study.

A

A system

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17
Q

The mass or region outside the system is
called the

A

surroundings

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18
Q

The real or imaginary surface that separates the system from its surroundings is called the

A

boundary

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19
Q

(also known as a control mass or just system when the context makes it clear) consists of a fixed amount
of mass, and no mass can cross its boundary

A

A closed system

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20
Q

as it is often called, is a properly selected
region in space. It usually encloses a device that involves mass flow such as a compressor, turbine,
or nozzle.

A

control volume

21
Q

as a special case, even energy is not
allowed to cross the boundary
, that

system is called an

A

isolated system.

22
Q

Any characteristic of a system Pressure P, temperature T, volume V, mass

23
Q

those that are independent of the mass of the* system*

A

Intensive properties

24
Q

values depend on the size or* extent of the
system
*

A

Extensive properties

25
extensive properties ***per unit mass***
Specific Properties
26
weight of a ***unit volume*** of a substance
specific weight
27
condition of the system At a given state, all the properties of a system have*** fixed values***. If the value of even one property changes, the state will change to a different one.
state
28
the temperature is the same throughout the entire system
Thermal equilibrium
29
related to pressure; ***no change in pressure*** at any point of the system with time
Mechanical equilibrium
30
when the ***mass of each phase*** reaches an ***equilibrium level*** and stays there
phase equilibrium
31
chemical composition does not change with time, that is, no chemical reactions occur
chemical equilibrium
32
The state of a ***simple compressible*** system is completely specified by ***two independent, intensive properties.***
The State Postulate
33
Any change that a system undergoes ***from one*** equilibrium state ***to another***
Process
34
***series*** of states through which a system ***passes*** during a process
path of the process
35
a process proceeds in such a manner that the system remains ***infinitesimally close to an equilibrium state* at all times**
(quasi-equilibrium)
36
used to designate a process for which a particular *property* ***remains constant***
iso
37
example, is a process during which the temperature T remains constant
isothermal process
38
is a process during which the pressure P remains constant
isobaric process
39
during which the specific volume v remains constant
isochoric (or isometric) process
40
implies ***no change with time***
steady
41
opposite of steady
unsteady
42
implies ***no change with location*** over a specified region
uniform
43
a process during which a fluid flows through a ***control volume steadily***
steady-flow process
44
states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each
zeroth law of thermodynamics
45
is defined as a ***normal force*** exerted by a ***fluid per unit area***
Pressure
46
The counterpart of ***pressure in solids is***
normal stress
47
The ***actual pressure*** at a given position is called the
absolute pressure,
48
Atmospheric pressure is measured by a device called a
barometer