Lecture 1 Flashcards
what does ACPE stand for
Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education
What does NABP stand for
North American Board of Pharmacy
who administers the NAPLEX?
NABP
US health care spending grew ___ percent in 2018, reaching $_______ or $_______/person
grew 4.6%
reaching $3.6 trillion or $11,172 per person
in the nation’s GDP (gross domestic product), health spending accounted for _____%
17.7
how much did the united states spend on healthcare in 2021
4,200 BILLION
What accounts for the largest chunk of US health care spending in 2021
hospital care
does our healthcare system stay the same?
NO - it is constantly changing
“is america the best HC system in the world?”
what 3 things can “best” be based on?
cost
access
quality
true or false: out of pocket costs are continually rising
true
what are “cost shares”?
tied to the service itself
ie:
copay
coinsurance
deductible
explain the concept of a coinsurance vs copay
coinsurance example: insurance pays 80%, you pay 20%
copays: $ amount
What is considered the COST OF INSURANCE?
the premium payment. periodic, regular payment
list 3 subcategories of “quality”
structure (primary, secondary, tertiary)
processes (procedures; the ACT OF GIVING CARE)
outcomes (life expectancy, infant mortality, satisfaction of care)
we do a poor job of caring for which population?
the elderly and the chronically ill (long term care)
list 3 subsets of “access”
affordability
timeliness
physical/geographical
are premium payments and deductible directly or inversely related?
INVERSELY
As premium goes up, deductible amount goes down
as deductible goes up, premium goes down
WHY did our healthcare spending #’s drop in 2021-2022?
bc of covid – lot of canceled surgeries
what are the TWO MAJOR PROBLEMS
the iron triangle
not recognizing that PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE
explain what the iron triangle is
access, cost, and quality cannot all be simultaneously improved.
an improvement in 1 results in a decline in at least one other
we have good access to which kind of care and bad access to which kind of care?
GOOD ACCESS to secondary and tertiary (inpatient)
BAD ACCESS to primary care
a _____ of prevention is worth a _____ of cure
an OUNCE of prevention is worth a POUND of cure
what is the purpose of any healthcare system?
however, what is the US healthcare system mostly concerned with?
the purpose of any healthcare system is to PROMOTE HEALTH
the US healthcare system is mostly concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disease, and NOT with the goal of promoting health
what is primary prevention
aims to PREVENT diseases or injuries before they ever occur. done by preventing exposure to hazards, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors that can lead to disease or injury
what is secondary prevention
aims to REDUCE THE IMPACT of a disease that has ALREADY OCCURRED. This is done by detecting or treating the disease as soon as possible to HALT OR SLOW ITS PROGRESS.
ie: regular exams and screenings
What is tertiary prevention?
aims to soften the impact of an ONGOING ILLNESS that has lasting effects in order to improve their ability to function as much as possible
-enhancing chronically ill’s quality of life and life expectancy
ie: stroke or cardiac rehab
is it possible to completely resolve the iron triangle?
NO
some countries are just better at managing it
explain why Canada does a better job at managing the iron triangle
canada has a structurally different HC system
they have a PREVENTABLE system.
better primary care bc they dont have “networks” for insurances like we do
we might see a dr we dont like bc we dont have a choice. this isnt an issue in canada
what is “medical tourism”
going to other countries since they’re not insured here.
ex: getting a surgery in another country
