Lecture 1

Question 1

Carbon is unique because

Answer 1

It can form chains and rings, it can form single and multiple bonds

Question 2

Taxol

Answer 2

a natural product isolated from the pacific yew tree

Question 3

Penicillins

Answer 3

famously isolated from bacterial broths. Many penicillins are semi-synthetic: part of the molecule is natural but it’s been modified in the lab

Question 4

Viagra

Answer 4

synthetic and was part of a programme designed to make new drugs for heart disease. Side effects led to research in a different area.

Question 5

Favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine

Answer 5

were not designed to treat Covid-19. The are part of a re-purposing programme

Question 6

Valium

Answer 6

synthetic drug discovered partly by luck. It’s a benzodiazepine: there are now dozens of these (“me too”).

Question 7

dashed triangle

Answer 7

bond going behind the page

Question 8

Filled black triangle

Answer 8

Bond coming out of the page

Question 9

Me

Answer 9

Methyl CH3

Question 10

Et

Answer 10

Ethyl C2H5

Question 11

Pr

Answer 11

Propyl C3H7

Question 12

Bu

Answer 12

Butyl C4H9

Question 13

Ph

Answer 13

Phenyl C6H5

Question 13

Bz

Answer 13

benzoyl C(O)C6H5

Question 14

Bn

Answer 14

Benzyl CH2C6H5

Question 15

Ac

Answer 15

acetyl C(O)CH3

Question 16

Rules for line drawings

Answer 16

The chemical symbol for carbon is rarely shown. A carbon is accepted as being present at:
1. The intersection, or crossing, of two, or more lines/bonds
2. The terminus, or end, of a line/bond (a terminus is a line that does not end with a chemical symbol)
3. At a kink or bend in a line.
Hydrogens that are on a carbon atom are not usually shown – we know that carbon is four valent and so we MENTALLY supply the correct number of hydrogens to meet this valency.
Atoms other that hydrogen and carbon are always shown by their chemical symbol.

Hydrogen when bonded to an atom other than carbon is always shown.

Wide use of the abbreviations discussed a few slides above is made.

Question 16

Key point about all drug molecules

Answer 16

all are almost organic