Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P Semester 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

A Healthy Balance.
pH 7.4
Temp 34 degree C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

-Underneath Skin and Between Cells
-Content of Cells Living Conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A
  • Internal Environment of Cells
  • Contents of the cell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Homeostasis Lungs

A

-CO2 removal
-Acid/base buffer (temp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Homeostasis GI System

A

-Nutrients and Volume
-Origins of ECF
-gets rid of waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Homeostasis Kidney

A

-Tight Control of Electrolytes
-Acid/ Base Volumes
-Pressures in the Circulatory System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homeostasis Liver

A

-Get rid of “bad”
-Using Chemical Runs to change the structure and natural waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Homeostasis Peripheral Vascular Bed

A

-High Speed portion of ECF
-Blood Volume 5L/min
-CO 5L/min (rest)
-30-40 L/min with activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Homeostasis Capillaries

A

-oxygen making its way out of tissues
-waste products going back into circulatory system; usually by diffusion
-diffusion is slower than pumping blood around circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Negative Feedback

A

The Process our body uses to control most of our functions
1.) Sensor
2.) Thinking/Integrate (Brainstem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Negative Feedback Example (BP)

A

BP setpoint is 100. Barocreptors look at this pressure. BP increases, baroreceptors send that info to the nervous system. Nervous system will react to bring the BP back to 100.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Negative Feedback (Pulmonary)

A

CO2 increases. Body caused an increase in ventilation. Causing the CO2 to decrease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vicious Cycle

A

-Positive feedback gets in a vicious cycle until the death of a patient.
-When positive feedback goes wrong.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Positive Feed Back Definition

A

-Involves a change and amplification -of the change
-used less than negative feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Positive Feed Back Example (Good)

A

Oxytocin is released. Cervix stretches. Telling the brain to release more oxytocin. Continues until birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Positive Feed Back Going bad

A

-Blood Clotting Cascade that doesn’t terminate with control of bleeding
-Results in vessels clotting off
-Resulting in Heart attack d/t no perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Positive Feedback:
Sepsis/Necrosis

A

-Cells unable to work b/c the environment around them in collapsing and not improving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Positive Feedback:
Severe Acidosis

A

-Depresses CNS, Causing more acidosis
-Depresses Respiratory Drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Positive Feedback:
Peripheral Acidotic Conditions

A

-Decrease in percussion to the leg
-Body unable to clear the acidosis
-Causing healthy tissue to die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Positive Feedback:
Atheroscleric Plaque Clotting

A

-Coagulation Cascade union the point of no shutdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Postive Feedback:
Diabetic Renal Inflammation/Hyperfiltration

A

Born with 200 million nephron. The more we age and lose nephrons, causing more work for other nephrons. Aging them faster.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Postive Feedback:
Sever Hemorrhage

A

Low BP, causes low CO. Aorta pressure low. Coronary blood vessels pressure low. Continuing and weakening the heart until heart failure.

22
Q

Compensated Shock

A

-Negative Feedback works well
-You can lose 20% or 1 L of blood and the body will compensate, regenerate and return to normal over time.

23
Q

Decompensated Shock

A

-Positive Feedback leads to death, negative feedback insufficient.
-Lose 20% or 2L of blood, the body can not compensate without assistance such as transfusion.

24
Q

Changes in Physiologic Systems

A

-Can alter drug responses
-Can also be altered by drugs
-we are never as good at fixing the body as the body itself

25
Q

Cells

A

-Smallest living unit
-Able to survive on their own in a good environment
-Have some ability to replicate themselves

26
Q

RBC

A

Do not have DNA in nucleus

27
Q

Cell Membrane

A

-Phospholipid bilayer made up of small fatty layers that keep charged material into or outside the cells.

28
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Water outside the nucleus, internal bulk of the cell and everything dissolved in the water

29
Q

Internal Mass of a cell

A

70-85% water

30
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

5-10% water

31
Q

Steroids

A

Act on the nucleus and turn on genes to respond to stress

32
Q

Pores

A

Picky about what they let into the cell

33
Q

DNA

A

-In strands when resting in the cell, Only in the contained state when dividing
-Contains all instructions for life
-Codes for proteins and lipids

34
Q

Proteins

A

-Can be structural or enzymes
-Specialized for specific tasks

35
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

-Short Distance from Rough ER.
-Proteins that need to be modified hang out in ER vesicles.
-Folds Proteins into modifications for the body

36
Q

ER Vesicles

A

Transport vesicles that help shift protein precursor over to the Golgi apparatus

37
Q

Rough ER

A

Embedded in machines called Ribosomes to produce proteins

38
Q

Smooth ER

A

Produces Lipids

39
Q

Nucleus Wall

A

Is continuous of ER

40
Q

MRNA

A

-Contains instructions to make such things such as proteins.
-Made in the ER

41
Q

Proteins

A

-Long Chain of Amino Acids
-shaped at the Golgi apparatus for their purpose

42
Q

Translation of Proteins

A

DNA -> mRNA -> Ribosomes -> Proteins

43
Q

Cell Components: Water

A
  • All of items that are inside a cell are dissolved in water
    -Charged/polar items
    -Water has 2 pairs of electrons that are assessable to other protons
    -Protons helped to determine pH
44
Q

Cell Component: Organelles

A

Small, specialized locations in cells (transport vesicles, etc)

45
Q

Cell Components: Enzymes

A

-Made of Proteins
-Catalyze Chemicals (ex: Ribosomes Receptors)

46
Q

Cell Components: Protein

A

-Can Either do work (Be enzymes)
-Or be structural things

47
Q

Cell Components: “Sugar” “Glycol”

A

-Sugar added to Protein. Ex: HGB A1C
-Happens at Golgi apparatus

48
Q

Cell Component: Lysosome

A

-digestive using acid hydrolysis
-pH 4.5 - 5.0 (acidic)
-hydrolysis enzymes
-destroys foreign invaders/garbage collectors

49
Q

Cell Component: Peroxisomes

A

-Oxidative stress to remove/destroy
-Ex: Liver metabolizes alcohol
-Fat metabolism, destroys bacteria and Viruses
- Buds off Smooth ER

50
Q

Cell Components: Mitochondria

A
  • Hangs around in Cytosol
    -Creates ATP
    -Requires oxygen
    -Creates 1 ATP/ glucose molecule
    -Self Replicating/has own DNA
51
Q

ATP

A

-Total of 38 per cell
-36 in mitochondria (oxygen required)
-2 in glycolysis (No oxygen)

52
Q

Peripheral circulatory system

A

-Example of Homeostasis
- Supplies oxygen, glucose, nutrients
-Removes CO2, protons, metabolic waste products.

A&P Semester 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions