Lecture 1

Question 1

Vertebrate brains have what in common

Answer 1

They share a basic architecture or “bauplan”.

Question 2

Model systems

Answer 2

Organisms that we think can tell us something about our NS.

Question 3

Size of the cerebellum…

Answer 3

Scales with the size of the cortex.

Question 4

Uniqueness of human brain

Answer 4

Mammals retain the basic bauplan but the forebrain is capped by the cortex
The size of the cortex and the cerebellum have coevolved; bigger cortex, bigger CB
Total number of neurons is out of scale for humans compared to other primates or
mammals

Question 5

Sulci vs gyri

Answer 5

Gyri - ridges (n)
Sulci - grooves (u)

Question 6

12 cranial nerves

Answer 6

On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops

I. (On) - Olfactory nerve
II. (Old) - Optic nerve
III. (Olympus) - Oculomotor nerve
IV. (Towering) - Trochlear nerve
V. (Tops) - Trigeminal nerve
VI. (A) - Abducens nerve
VII. (Finn) - Facial nerve
VIII. (And) - Auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve
IX. (German) - Glossopharyngeal nerve
X. (Viewed) - Vagus nerve
XI. (Some) - Spinal accessory nerve
XII. (Hops) - Hypoglossal nerve

Question 7

Four embryological divisions of the CNS

Answer 7

prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), rhombencephalon (hindbrain), spinal cord.

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Cranial nerve I

Answer 9

Olfactory nerve; sensory; sense of smell

Question 10

Cranial nerve II

Answer 10

Optic nerve; sensory; vision

Question 11

cranial nerve III

Answer 11

Oculomotor nerve; motor; eye movements, pupillary constriction and accommodation, muscle of upper eyelid

Question 12

cranial nerve IV

Answer 12

trochlear nerve; motor; eye movements (intorsion, downward gaze)

Question 13

cranial nerve V

Answer 13

trigeminal nerve; sensory and motor; somatic sensation from face, mouth, cornea, muscles of mastication.

Question 14

cranial nerve VI

Answer 14

abducens nerve; motor; eye movements (abduction or lateral movements)

Question 15

cranial nerve VII

Answer 15

facial nerve; sensory and motor; controls the muscles of facial expression, taste from anterior tongue, lacrimal and salivary glands

Question 16

cranial nerve VIII

Answer 16

auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve; sensory; hearing, sense of balance

Question 17

cranial nerve IX

Answer 17

glossopharyngeal nerve; sensory and motor; sensation from posterior tongue and pharynx, taste from posterior tongue, carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, salivary gland

Question 18

cranial nerve X

Answer 18

vagus nerve; sensory and motor; autonomic functions of gut, cardiac inhibition, sensation from larynx and pharynx, muscles of vocal cords, swallowing

Question 19

cranial nerve XI

Answer 19

spinal accessory nerve; motor; shoulder and neck muscles

Question 20

cranial nerve XII

Answer 20

hypoglosses nerve; motor; movements of tongue

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Neural systems

Answer 22