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ANAT 101 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of anatomy?

A

Anatomy is primarily the study o structure and the relationships among structures.

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2
Q

What are the 6 levels of body organization?

A

Chemical Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ Level, System Level, Organismal Level
(Molecules come together to form and perform specific functions)
Ex. Different tissues come together to form organs

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3
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Specific body orientation used when describing an individual’s anatomy.
* ALL positions are relative to the description

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4
Q

What does regional name mean?

A

Describe the different parts of the body by the structures and functions of a specific region.

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5
Q

Supine Position

A

Laying down, looking up

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6
Q

Prone Position

A

Laying down, facing bed

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7
Q

Anterior View

A

Standing, looking at you

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8
Q

Posterior view

A

Standing, looking away from you

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9
Q

Paramedian Plane

A

A vertical, sagittal plane parallel and in close proximity to the midline

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10
Q

Median Plane

A

Passes through the midline

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11
Q

Oblique Plane

A

Any plane cutting at an oblique angle

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12
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves

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13
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior positions

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14
Q

Median Section

A

Runs through the median plane (basically cutting things in half)

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15
Q

Coronal Section

A

Divides body in half vertically (halfway between the front and back)

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16
Q

Transverse Section

A

Divides body by taking a slice horizontally between bottom and top

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17
Q

Proximal

A

Means close to the axis of the body

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18
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the midline of the body

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19
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

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20
Q

Medial

A

At midline

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21
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head end of the body
(Ex. In relation to anatomical position, head is always superior)

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22
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head

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23
Q

Cranial Cavity **

A

Formed by cranial cavity bones and contains brain

24
Q

Vertebral Canal **

A

Formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves

25
Q

Thoracic Cavity **

A

Chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum

26
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Each surrounds a lung; the serous membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pleura

27
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Surrounds the heart; the serous membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium (found in the mediastinum)

28
Q

Mediastinum

A

Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels

29
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity **

A

Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities

30
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum

31
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction

32
Q

Two layers of Serous Membranes

A
  1. Parietal Layer (Lines the walls of the body cavity)
  2. Visceral Layer (Covers the organs)
33
Q

Two Pleura’s of the Pleura

A
  1. Visceral Pleura (Wraps around the lungs and is tight so the lungs cannot be peeled off)
  2. Parietal Pleura (Lines the inside of the chest wall)
34
Q

Two Pericardium in the Pericardium

A
  1. Visceral Pericardium (Innermost layer, ex. covers heart)
  2. Parietal Pericardium (Outer layer of the pericardium, which is a thin sac of tissue that surrounds the heart)
35
Q

Two Peritoneum of the Peritoneum

A
  1. Visceral Peritoneum (Wraps around your abdominal organs)
  2. Parietal Peritoneum (Lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavity)
36
Q

The Thoracic Cavity (Look @ Diagram)
What is included in the Pleura?

A

Right Pleural Cavity**, Parietal Pleura, Visceral Pleura

37
Q

The Thoracic Cavity (Look @ Diagram)
What is included in the Pericardium?

A

Parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, visceral pericardium

38
Q

The Concept of a Serous Sac
The Thoracic Cavity (Look @ Diagram)

A

(Think of a balloon, and someone punches the balloon to dent into it. Where the balloon is the cavity and the hand is the organ)
The Parietal Layer is the outer wall of the balloon, where the hand isn’t touching. The serous cavity contains small amounts of lubricating serous fluid. The visceral layer would be the inner wall of the balloon that is the outer part of the balloon touching the hand.

39
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions:
Right and left hypochondriac region

A

Right Hypochondriac Region: Contains liver, gallbladder, portal vein, and right colic flexure.
Left Hypochondriac Region:
Contains stomach, spleen, tail of the pancreas, and left colic flexure.

40
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions:
Right and left lateral region

A

Right: Far right side of the torso, underneath the right hypochondriac region.
Left: Underneath left hypochondriac region to the far left.
Subcostal plane in between the lateral and hypochondriac region.

41
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions:
Right and left inguinal region

A

Left: Far left, underneath lateral region. Lower portion of the abdomen
Right: Far right, underneath lateral region. Lower portion of the abdomen
The transtubercular plane is between the lateral and inguinal region

42
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions:
Epigastric Region

A

Upper middle area of the abdomen

43
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions:
Umbilical Region

A

Middle, middle area of the abdomen

44
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions:
Hypogastric Region

A

Bottom middle area of the abdomen

45
Q

What is your spleen?

A

Small organ inside your left rib cage, just above the stomach. Stores and filters blood and makes white blood cells that protect you from infection.

46
Q

What is your liver?

A

Largest solid organ in the body. Removes toxins from the body’s blood supply, maintains healthy blood sugar levels, regulates blood clotting, and performs many other vital functions. Beneath rib cage in right upper abdomen.

47
Q

What is your gallbladder?

A

Small, pear-shaped organ in your upper right abdomen. Stores and releases bile to help your digestive system break down fats.

48
Q

What is the ascending colon?

A

Absorbs the remaining water and other key nutrients from the indigestible material, solidifying it to form stool. (Goes up)

49
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

A long, narrow, folded or coiled tube extending from the stomach to the large intestine; where the most digestion and absorption of food takes place

50
Q

What is the cecum?

A

A pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine. Connects small intestine to the colon (part of the large intestine)

51
Q

What is the appendix?

A

A hollow tube that is closed at one end is attached at the other end to the cecum, a pouchlike beginning of the large intestine into which the small intestine empties its contents.

52
Q

What is the transverse colon?

A

Continuation of the right dorsal colon, short and passes right to left. (Goes horizontal)

53
Q

What is the descending colon?

A

Stores feces that will be emptied into the rectum. (Goes down)

54
Q

What is the urinary bladder?

A

Triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower abdomen, lowest part of the abdominopelvic regions

55
Q

Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Tract (4 quadrants, 2 plane)

A
  1. Right upper quadrant
  2. Median Plane
  3. Left upper quadrant
  4. Transumbilical Plane
  5. Right Lower Quadrant
  6. Left lower quadrant

ANAT 101 (4 decks)

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