lecture 1 Flashcards
What is a drug
An exogeneous substance that has a physiological effect when introduced to the body
What is MOA
Modes of Action
What is pharmacokinetics
how does the drug behave, how long, where it goes. How things change. Quantitative
What is pharmacodynamics
the mode of action of the drug. how it works. How it provides therapeutic outcome.
what do the letters in ADME stand for
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
What are the 4 levels of drug action
- Ligand-target interaction
- Molecular responses
- Cellular responses
- Disease modification
What are the 4 types of receptors
Ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and nuclear receptors
Describe G protein Coupled-receptors
They are the most common. They are on the cytoplasmic side. They activate G proteins, which then generate second messengers, which lead to the activation of cell signaling.
Describe tyrosine kinases
tyrosines phosphorylate the signaling molecules which activate cell signaling
describe Nuclear receptors
they are inside the cell in the cytoplasm/nucleus. They transport to the nucleus, then activate transcription and translation.
Describe Ligand gated ion channels
For example, a sodium-gated ion channel. They transport that ion in, which then leads to the activation of conductance.
what are some examples of non-receptor macromolecule drug targets
Nucleic acids, structural proteins, enzymes, ion channels, and cytokines.
What are some exceptions to drug targets (nonmacromolecule mechanisms)
acid/alkali (burns), chemical antagonism, osmotic diuretics, and membrane disruption
What are some ways drugs can be categorized
By structural characteristics of the ligand/target, by signaling pathways, or by the level of organization targeted by the drug
What is SAR
Structure-Activity Relationship. It’s the relationship between the chemical or 3D structure of a molecule and its biological activity.
