Lecture 1 Flashcards
What a student SLP needs to know:
-Articulatory phonetics and phonetic transcription: must be able to describe the speech sound
-Phonological development: at what age do children acquire certain sounds
-Speech sound assessment processes
-Speech sound intervention, general approaches
-Speech sound intervention, specific approaches
A simple model of sentence production:
Intent/idea-> syntactic/semantic-> phonologic-> phonetic-> motor
Phonetic inventory?
What sounds are present in the client’s system that can be combined into syllable and word shapes?
Phonemic inventory?
How do sounds contrast to signal word meaning in the child’s expressive vocabulary?
Phonotactic inventory?
What are the syllable and word shapes present in the client’s repertoire?
Phonological patterns?
Can systematic modifications be identified in the words spoken by the child?
What is a word?
Express meanings on their own
What is a syllable?
Vowel is the nucleus; initial consonant is the onset; final consonant is the coda; nucleus and coda are the rhyme; onset and nucleus are the body
What is a phone?
Speech sounds used by the speaker in a language, may not be used contrastively
What is an allophone?
Speech sounds produced differently but still recognized as an actualization of the same phoneme
- “t” in top vs. not
What is a phoneme?
Speech sounds used contrastively in a language (think minimal pairs)
- A mental representation
What is a vowel?
relatively open vocal tract; nucleus of the syllable; all languages have at least three; most common is five
What is a stop?
complete constriction of the vocal contract; all languages have stops
What is a nasal?
closed oral vocal tract, noncontinuant consonant (airflow interrupted in the oral cavity);most languages have at least one nasal; most are voiced
What is a liquid?
relatively open vocal tract but more closed than vowels; most language have at least one
What is a fricative?
narrow constriction in the oral cavity, sound is continuous; 93% of all languages have at least one fricative
What is a glide?
slight constriction, more than vowels but less than liquids; 86% of languages have glides
What is a distinctive feature?
Articulatory/perceptual characteristic of phones that differentiate one phone from another
Examples including voicing, aspiration, rounding, etc.
Syllable Structure Processes?
Final Consonant Deletion
Cluster Reduction
Weak Syllable Deletion
Substitution processes?
Fronting
Stopping
Gliding
Depalatalization
Deaffrication
Assimilation processes?
Progressive Assimilation – a preceding sound influences a following one (e.g., dog –> dod)
Regressive Assimilation – a following sound influences the preceding sound (e.g., dog -> gog)
