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Clin Path > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 reasons for lab tests

A

detect unidentified pathological states

define classify or confirm a disorder ir disease state

eliminate possible cause of illness

assess changes in pathological state

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2
Q

whole blood is

A

cells and plasma

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3
Q

plasma is

A

h20 & solids. proteins including fibrinogen

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4
Q

serum is

A

plasma - fibrinogen

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5
Q

purple tube top contains

A

EDTA

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6
Q

red tube top contains

A

no anticoagulant

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7
Q

tube tops used for serum

A

red

gold

red/gray

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8
Q

red/gray tops have

A

clot activator & gel separator

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9
Q

what tube tops have anticoagulant

A

purple

light blue

gray

green

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10
Q

lavender top has ____ that _____ Ca2+

A

EDTA, chelates

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11
Q

light blue too has ____ that _____ Ca2+

A

citrate, binds

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12
Q

gray top has _____ that _____ Ca2+

A

oxalate, binds

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13
Q

green top has _____ that ______ and _____

A

heparin that activates anti-thrombin and inhibits clotting factor

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14
Q

what color top is only used for plasma

A

gray

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15
Q

what blood tubes can be used for serum chemistry assays

A

red*

gold

red/gray

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16
Q

what tubes can be used for CBC

A

lavendar*

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17
Q

what tubes can be used for coagulation assays

A

light blue*

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18
Q

what tube is rarely used

A

gray

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19
Q

what tube is used for plasma chemistry assays or whole blood chemistry assays

A

green*

20
Q

what are the advantages of whole blood chemistries v’s serum or plasma chemistries

A

-

21
Q

what does a qualitative assay look for*

A

presence or absence of a substance. either positive or negativr

22
Q

what does a semi quantitative assay look for

A

estimate or approximate concentration of a substance

23
Q

example of semi quantitative assay

A

platelet estimate on a blood film

urine dipstick measurement

24
Q

example of qualitative assay

A

epithelial cells present in urinanalysis sediment

fat droplets detected pleural fluid

25
Q

what is a quantitative assay

A

attempt to get a concentration

26
Q

what is a reference interval*

A

interval between and including the 2 reference limits

27
Q

why can’t the term normal be used as a synonym for a reference interval

A

too many variables and sick animals can have normal data

28
Q

what do reference intervals tell us

A

whether the patient result is WRI or not WRI (within reference interval)

29
Q

reference individual

A

individuals meet selection criteria

30
Q

reference population

A

all potential reference individuals

need at least 60 to establish reference intervals

31
Q

reference sample group

A

animals from which samples were collected

32
Q

reference values

A

assay results for each specimen

33
Q

what does gaussian distribution mean

A

mean +/- 2 SD. random variation, usually a physiologically regulated analyte

34
Q

what does nonGaussian distribution mean

A

variation is not random

35
Q

example of a value that is gaussian

A

Hgb

glucose

electrolyte concentrations

36
Q

example of nonGaussian value

A

enzyme

37
Q

if data is gaussian, most values are found where

A

central 95%, middle of the interval

38
Q

if data shows positive skew or nongaussian distribution , most values are where

A

near bottom of the interval

39
Q

what are the 3 types of errors

A

preanalytical, analytical, and post analytical

40
Q

which kind of error accounts for 50-75% of all errors

A

preanalytical

41
Q

what can cause preanalytical errors

A

patient not prepared for sampling

poor collection of samples
incorrect collection container

por sample handling

42
Q

why can cause post analytical errors

A

transcription errors

incorrect translation of verbal reports

43
Q

analytical precision =

A

repeatability/reproduceability *

44
Q

analytical accuracy =

A

closeness to true value *

45
Q

analytical specificity =

A

detect substance of interest or freedom from interferences *

46
Q

analytical sensitivity =

A

smallest detectable change *

47
Q

what is the detection limit

A

lowest detectable concentration *

Clin Path (1 decks)

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