Lecture 1

Question 1

Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

Study of carbon compounds except CO2, CO, carbides and carbonates.

Question 2

Characteristics of carbon

Answer 2

small
can form strong covalent bonds with itself
can form bonds with 4 other atoms
it is moderately high in electronegativity (2.5)
it can form single, double and triple bonds
it form strong bonds with CHONS, some metals and halogens

Question 3

Applications of organic chemistry

Answer 3

Manufacture of: 
solvents 
paints
pharmaceuticals
adhesives

Question 4

Properties of organic molecules

Answer 4

covalent bonding
weak intermolecular forces so low melting and boiling points
non soluble in water because most are non polar
the few polar ones are soluble because the carbons are bonded to N/S/O so they are able to form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 5

Electronic Configuration

Answer 5

Ground state: 1s2 2s2 2p2

Excited state: 1s2 2s1 2p3

Question 6

Hybridisation and bonds

Answer 6

Hybridisation is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form a new set of atomic orbitals called hybrid orbitals.
pi bonds are formed by side by side overlap
sigma bonds are formed by end to end overlap

Question 7

Formation of different bonds

Answer 7

Single bonds: sp3, tetrahedral
double bonds: sp2, trigonal planar
triple bonds: sp, linear