Lecture 1 Flashcards
1
Q
ecological succession of landscapes
A
bare rock –> lichens –> small annual plants –> grasses and perennials –> shade-intolerant trees –> shade tolerant trees
2
Q
What are pioneer species?
A
- Annual plants
- Grasses and perennials
- 1 to 3 years old
3
Q
What are intermediate species?
A
- Grasses
- Shrubs
- Pines
- Young Oak
- Hickory
- 5 - 150 years old
4
Q
What are climax community species?
A
- Mature oak
- Hickory forest
- 150 + years old
5
Q
What factors define a landscape?
A
- Tectonic movements, vulcanism, parent material
- Distance to sea / equator / water in general (climate, sea, river)
- Climate
- Land and soil type
- Relief, topography
- Plant succession
- Human Impact
6
Q
Dune
A
- Protects against sea
- Provides drinking water
- Recreation
- Nature area
7
Q
Hilly
A
- Plateau
- Highest point above sea level
- Chalky rock deposits, formerly used as fertilizer
8
Q
River / delta area
A
- Netherlands: Sink of Europe
- Riversides: Rivermade of clay and sand
- Meadows in lower parts
- Fruit trees
9
Q
Peat
A
- Hoogveen and Laagveen
- Used for grassland
10
Q
Sand
A
- North: Relative high in SOM - soil organic matter
- East: Moderate in SOM
- South: Low in SOM
11
Q
Clay
A
- Flat and open landscape
- Near seashore: salt-loving plants
- Terpen
12
Q
What delivers good soil for crop growth?
A
- Plant nutrients (N, P, organic matter)
- Moisture
- Soil structure
- Soil and crop health
- aggregates, roots and earth worms
- pH value
